ABSTRACT
Temporary ponds are important magnifiers of local biodiversity, especially in seasonal forested areas. Changes in the vegetation cover may along the banks of these water bodies alter the composition and structure of the intrinsic zooplankton community. Thus, we evaluate the hypothesis that the presence of riparian vegetation changes the structure of the zooplankton community found in temporary pools. A volume up to ten litres of water, collected from pools with riparian vegetation (CM) and lacking riparian vegetation (SM), was filtered using a 20 m-mesh size sieve. Data on chlorophyll- and some limnological variables were also collected. All specimens were identified using a Sedgewick-Rafter chamber under an optical microscope. Moreover, the data were treated regarding the composition and structure of the community (richness, frequency of occurrence, abundance and biomass) via performing a diversity analysis (Hill Series), canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and an indicator species analysis (IndVal). There were observed significant differences for the limnological variables in both conditions, especially for turbidity, total dissolved solids and chlorophyll-, which demonstrated greater influence on the community structure. Although the diversity and biomass of rotifers were higher in the SM pools, the richness and biomass of cladocerans showed a higher value in the CM pools. The indicator species analysis demonstrated that some rotifers and microcrustaceans, as Ceriodaphnia cornuta G. O. Sars, 1885, Notodiaptomus cearensis Wright, 1936 and Ostracoda morf.2 are indicative of CM pools, whereas other species indicate environments with higher turbidity (SM pools), for example Polyarthra vulgaris Carlin, 1943 and Diaphanossoma spinulosum Herbst, 1975. In conclusion these results suggest an impressive distinction between riparian vegetation environment and that without such vegetation, which point to the importance of the former environment to the community structure. This reinforces the need for protective policies regarding temporary environments, since they are essential environments for the maintenance of local biodiversity.(AU)
Poças temporárias são importantes ampliadores da biodiversidade local, sobretudo em áreas florestadas estacionais. Alterações na cobertura vegetal ao longo das margens desses corpos hídricos podem alterar a composição e estrutura da sua comunidade zooplanctônica. Nesse sentindo, testamos a hipótese de que a presença de mata ripária altera a estrutura da comunidade zooplanctônica encontrada em poças temporárias. Foram filtrados até 10 litros de água, em malha de 20 µm, em poças com (CM) e sem mata ripária (SM), e coletados dados de clorofila- e as variáveis limnológicas. Todos os espécimes foram identificados com microscópio óptico em câmara de Sedgewick-Rafter. Os dados foram tratados quanto à composição e estrutura da comunidade (riqueza, frequência, abundância relativa e biomassa), sendo realizadas análises de diversidade (Série de Hill), de correspondência canônica (ACC) e de espécies indicadoras (IndVal). Diferenças significativas foram observadas entre as variáveis limnológicas nas duas condições, principalmente nos parâmetros de turbidez, sólidos totais dissolvidos e clorofila-, as quais mostraram maior influência sobre a estrutura da comunidade. Embora a diversidade e biomassa de rotíferos tenham sido superiores nas poças SM, a riqueza e a biomassa de cladóceros foi superior nas poças CM. A análise de espécies indicadoras demonstrou que alguns rotíferos e microcrustáceos, como Ceriodaphinia cornuta G. O. Sars, 1885, Notodiaptomus cearenses Wright, 1936 e Ostracoda morf.2 são indicativos de poças CM, enquanto outras espécies indicam ambientes com maior turbidez (poças CM), por exemplo Polyarthra vulgaris Carlin, 1943 e Diaphanosoma spinulosum Herbst, 1975. Os resultados sugerem uma diferenciação expressiva entre os ambientes com e sem vegetação ripária, mostrando sua importância na estrutura da comunidade, reforçando a necessidade de medidas protetivas para ambientes temporários, visto que são essenciais para a manutenção da biodiversidade local.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Zooplankton/chemistry , Zooplankton/classification , Aquatic Flora , Chlorophyll A/analysis , Chlorophyll A/biosynthesis , BiodiversityABSTRACT
Temporary ponds are important magnifiers of local biodiversity, especially in seasonal forested areas. Changes in the vegetation cover may along the banks of these water bodies alter the composition and structure of the intrinsic zooplankton community. Thus, we evaluate the hypothesis that the presence of riparian vegetation changes the structure of the zooplankton community found in temporary pools. A volume up to ten litres of water, collected from pools with riparian vegetation (CM) and lacking riparian vegetation (SM), was filtered using a 20 m-mesh size sieve. Data on chlorophyll- and some limnological variables were also collected. All specimens were identified using a Sedgewick-Rafter chamber under an optical microscope. Moreover, the data were treated regarding the composition and structure of the community (richness, frequency of occurrence, abundance and biomass) via performing a diversity analysis (Hill Series), canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and an indicator species analysis (IndVal). There were observed significant differences for the limnological variables in both conditions, especially for turbidity, total dissolved solids and chlorophyll-, which demonstrated greater influence on the community structure. Although the diversity and biomass of rotifers were higher in the SM pools, the richness and biomass of cladocerans showed a higher value in the CM pools. The indicator species analysis demonstrated that some rotifers and microcrustaceans, as Ceriodaphnia cornuta G. O. Sars, 1885, Notodiaptomus cearensis Wright, 1936 and Ostracoda morf.2 are indicative of CM pools, whereas other species indicate environments with higher turbidity (SM pools), for example Polyarthra vulgaris Carlin, 1943 and Diaphanossoma spinulosum Herbst, 1975. In conclusion these results suggest an impressive distinction between riparian vegetation environment and that without such vegetation, which point to the importance of the former environment to the community structure. This reinforces the need for protective policies regarding temporary environments, since they are essential environments for the maintenance of local biodiversity.
Poças temporárias são importantes ampliadores da biodiversidade local, sobretudo em áreas florestadas estacionais. Alterações na cobertura vegetal ao longo das margens desses corpos hídricos podem alterar a composição e estrutura da sua comunidade zooplanctônica. Nesse sentindo, testamos a hipótese de que a presença de mata ripária altera a estrutura da comunidade zooplanctônica encontrada em poças temporárias. Foram filtrados até 10 litros de água, em malha de 20 µm, em poças com (CM) e sem mata ripária (SM), e coletados dados de clorofila- e as variáveis limnológicas. Todos os espécimes foram identificados com microscópio óptico em câmara de Sedgewick-Rafter. Os dados foram tratados quanto à composição e estrutura da comunidade (riqueza, frequência, abundância relativa e biomassa), sendo realizadas análises de diversidade (Série de Hill), de correspondência canônica (ACC) e de espécies indicadoras (IndVal). Diferenças significativas foram observadas entre as variáveis limnológicas nas duas condições, principalmente nos parâmetros de turbidez, sólidos totais dissolvidos e clorofila-, as quais mostraram maior influência sobre a estrutura da comunidade. Embora a diversidade e biomassa de rotíferos tenham sido superiores nas poças SM, a riqueza e a biomassa de cladóceros foi superior nas poças CM. A análise de espécies indicadoras demonstrou que alguns rotíferos e microcrustáceos, como Ceriodaphinia cornuta G. O. Sars, 1885, Notodiaptomus cearenses Wright, 1936 e Ostracoda morf.2 são indicativos de poças CM, enquanto outras espécies indicam ambientes com maior turbidez (poças CM), por exemplo Polyarthra vulgaris Carlin, 1943 e Diaphanosoma spinulosum Herbst, 1975. Os resultados sugerem uma diferenciação expressiva entre os ambientes com e sem vegetação ripária, mostrando sua importância na estrutura da comunidade, reforçando a necessidade de medidas protetivas para ambientes temporários, visto que são essenciais para a manutenção da biodiversidade local.
Subject(s)
Animals , Chlorophyll A/analysis , Chlorophyll A/biosynthesis , Aquatic Flora , Zooplankton/classification , Zooplankton/chemistry , BiodiversityABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Temporary ponds are important magnifiers of local biodiversity, especially in seasonal forested areas. Changes in the vegetation cover may along the banks of these water bodies alter the composition and structure of the intrinsic zooplankton community. Thus, we evaluate the hypothesis that the presence of riparian vegetation changes the structure of the zooplankton community found in temporary pools. A volume up to ten litres of water, collected from pools with riparian vegetation (CM) and lacking riparian vegetation (SM), was filtered using a 20 m-mesh size sieve. Data on chlorophyll- and some limnological variables were also collected. All specimens were identified using a Sedgewick-Rafter chamber under an optical microscope. Moreover, the data were treated regarding the composition and structure of the community (richness, frequency of occurrence, abundance and biomass) via performing a diversity analysis (Hill Series), canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and an indicator species analysis (IndVal). There were observed significant differences for the limnological variables in both conditions, especially for turbidity, total dissolved solids and chlorophyll-, which demonstrated greater influence on the community structure. Although the diversity and biomass of rotifers were higher in the SM pools, the richness and biomass of cladocerans showed a higher value in the CM pools. The indicator species analysis demonstrated that some rotifers and microcrustaceans, as Ceriodaphnia cornuta G. O. Sars, 1885, Notodiaptomus cearensis Wright, 1936 and Ostracoda morf.2 are indicative of CM pools, whereas other species indicate environments with higher turbidity (SM pools), for example Polyarthra vulgaris Carlin, 1943 and Diaphanossoma spinulosum Herbst, 1975. In conclusion these results suggest an impressive distinction between riparian vegetation environment and that without such vegetation, which point to the importance of the former environment to the community structure. This reinforces the need for protective policies regarding temporary environments, since they are essential environments for the maintenance of local biodiversity.
RESUMO Poças temporárias são importantes ampliadores da biodiversidade local, sobretudo em áreas florestadas estacionais. Alterações na cobertura vegetal ao longo das margens desses corpos hídricos podem alterar a composição e estrutura da sua comunidade zooplanctônica. Nesse sentindo, testamos a hipótese de que a presença de mata ripária altera a estrutura da comunidade zooplanctônica encontrada em poças temporárias. Foram filtrados até 10 litros de água, em malha de 20 µm, em poças com (CM) e sem mata ripária (SM), e coletados dados de clorofila- e as variáveis limnológicas. Todos os espécimes foram identificados com microscópio óptico em câmara de Sedgewick-Rafter. Os dados foram tratados quanto à composição e estrutura da comunidade (riqueza, frequência, abundância relativa e biomassa), sendo realizadas análises de diversidade (Série de Hill), de correspondência canônica (ACC) e de espécies indicadoras (IndVal). Diferenças significativas foram observadas entre as variáveis limnológicas nas duas condições, principalmente nos parâmetros de turbidez, sólidos totais dissolvidos e clorofila-, as quais mostraram maior influência sobre a estrutura da comunidade. Embora a diversidade e biomassa de rotíferos tenham sido superiores nas poças SM, a riqueza e a biomassa de cladóceros foi superior nas poças CM. A análise de espécies indicadoras demonstrou que alguns rotíferos e microcrustáceos, como Ceriodaphinia cornuta G. O. Sars, 1885, Notodiaptomus cearenses Wright, 1936 e Ostracoda morf.2 são indicativos de poças CM, enquanto outras espécies indicam ambientes com maior turbidez (poças CM), por exemplo Polyarthra vulgaris Carlin, 1943 e Diaphanosoma spinulosum Herbst, 1975. Os resultados sugerem uma diferenciação expressiva entre os ambientes com e sem vegetação ripária, mostrando sua importância na estrutura da comunidade, reforçando a necessidade de medidas protetivas para ambientes temporários, visto que são essenciais para a manutenção da biodiversidade local.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The use of interdisciplinary approaches such as the proposed report provides a broad understanding of the relationship between people and the environment, revealing reliable aspects not previously considered in the study of this relationship. This study compiled evidence on the environmental degradation of an urbanized river over the past few decades, providing a diagnosis of the consequences of this process for the river, its ichthyofauna, and the local human population. METHODS: The study was focused on the Beira Rio community on the Capibaribe River in the municipality of São Lourenço da Mata, Pernambuco, Brazil. Data were collected using geoprocessing and ethnobiological approaches, as well as environmental parameters. This research was conducted with the most experienced long-term residents in the local community, through interviews and participatory methodologies to recovering information about the river environment, its ichthyofauna and its environmental services for the last decades. RESULTS: According to the GIS analysis, the study area was subject to an accelerated process of urbanization, with the total urban area increasing from 73 565, 98 m(2) in 1974 to 383 363, 6 m(2) in 2005. The informants perceived the urban growth, especially in the late twentieth century, being this period recognized as the phase of greatest negative changes in the river environment. The perceived decline of fish stocks was indicated by the community as one of the effects of river degradation. According to the interviews, the deterioration of the river affected the ecosystem services and the relationship of the adjacent human community with this ecosystem. The environmental data indicated that the river is suffering eutrophization and has fecal coliform concentrations 160 times higher than the maximum level permitted by Brazilian legislation. CONCLUSIONS: The interdisciplinary approach used in this research allowed the understanding of the degradation process of an urban river and some negative effects through the integration of environmental data, GIS and the local knowledge, revealing the complementarity of obtained data and the effectiveness of implementation of this approach.