ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Vitamin C/Ascorbic acid inhibits tyrosinase enzyme causing melanin biosynthesis suppression. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of intra-mucosal injection (mesotherapy) with topical gel as non-surgical methods for managing gingival hyperpigmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty healthy non-smokers with mild to severe hyperpigmented gingiva were randomly assigned for Mesotherapy (G1); intra-mucosal injection of ascorbic acid (1/week/3 weeks); or Gel (G2), topical ascorbic acid gel (1/day/3 months). Pigmentation index (DOPI), patient satisfaction, as well as histological analysis for Fontana-Masson-stained specimens were performed at baseline and after 6 months. Comparison between groups and changes by time were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Friedman's tests, respectively. RESULTS: The median DOPI significantly decreased after 1 month in G1 (P value < 0.001, r = 0.9) compared with non-significant change in G2. No pain experienced during or after treatment in both groups. G1 patients showed significantly higher satisfaction with treatment than G2. Mean area fraction of melanin forming cells was significantly reduced in both groups after 6 months, but the effect size was higher in G1 (r = 0.886) than in G2 (r = 0.797). CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin C mesotherapy showed better and early effect than topical gel, and both techniques were not painful and esthetically satisfying in managing gingival hyperpigmentation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Gingival melanin pigmentation causes esthetic concerns for significant number of patients. Investigating non-surgical depigmentation techniques to decrease postoperative complications and patient discomfort, pain and long healing period associated with surgical methods would be clinically significant.
Subject(s)
Gingival Diseases , Hyperpigmentation , Mesotherapy , Ascorbic Acid , Esthetics, Dental , Gingival Diseases/drug therapy , Humans , Hyperpigmentation/drug therapy , MelaninsABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the horizontal dimensional changes of split-bone block and cortico-cancellous block graft in horizontal ridge augmentation using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). The quality of the regenerated bone in both groups was compared histologically and histomorphometrically. Material and methods: Twenty patients were randomly divided in two equal groups (n= 10): Split-bone block group which was harvested from the external oblique ridge or cortico-cancellous block graft group which was harvested from the mandibular symphysis. Pre-augmentation crestal ridge width was measured using bone caliper. CBCT scans were taken on the 2nd week and 4th month post-operatively to measure crestal and total horizontal ridge dimensions. A biopsy was collected from the regenerated ridge immediately before implant insertion on the 4thmonth post-operatively. Results: Pre-augmentation crestal bone widths of both groups were comparable (P= 0.870). On the 2nd week and 4th month post-operatively, split-bone block showed a significantly wider crestal (P= 0.028 and P= 0.001 respectively) and total horizontal ridge dimension (P= 0.025 and P= 0.002 respectively), and on the 4th month post-operatively, it showed significantly lesser resorption at crest (P= 0.040) and in total horizontal ridge dimension (P= 0.017) than cortico-cancellous block. Histologically, the regenerated bone quality was similar in both groups. Histomorphometric analysis showed a non-significant difference in percentage of mature (P= 0.365) and immature collagen (P= 0.531) between both groups. Conclusion: Split-bone block maintained a significantly wider ridge and experienced less resorption after 4 months than the cortico-cancellous block graft, with no difference in regenerated bone quality between both groups. (AU)
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as mudanças dimensionais horizontais do enxerto de bloco ósseo dividido e do enxerto de bloco córtico-esponjoso no aumento de rebordo horizontal por meio da Tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC). A qualidade do osso regenerado em ambos os grupos foi comparada histológica e histomorfometricamente. Material e Métodos:Vinte pacientes foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos iguais (n=10): Grupo de blocos de osso dividido retirado da crista oblíqua externa ou Grupo de enxerto em bloco córtico-esponjoso retirado da sínfise mandibular. A largura da crista pré-aumentada foi medida usando calibrador ósseo. Os exames de TCFC foram realizados na segunda semana e quarto mês de pós operatório para medir as dimensões da crista e dimensões horizontais totais do rebordo. Uma biopsia foi coletada da crista regenerada imediatamente antes da inserção do implante no quarto mês pós-operatório. Resultados: As larguras do osso crestal pré-aumentado de ambos os grupos eram compatíveis (p = 0,870). Na segunda semana e quarto mês pós-operatórios, o bloco ósseo dividido mostrou uma crista significativamente mais larga (p = 0,28 e p = 0,001 respectivamente) e a dimensão da crista horizontal total (p = 0,025 e p = 0,002 respectivamente), e no quarto mês pós-operatório, apresentou reabsorção significativamente menor na crista (p = 0,040) e na dimensão da crista horizontal total (p = 0,017) em comparação ao bloco córtico-esponjoso. Histologicamente, a qualidade do osso regenerado foi semelhante em ambos os grupos. A análise histomorfométrica mostrou uma diferença não significativa na porcentagem de colágeno maduro (p = 0.365) e colágeno imaturo (p = 0,531) entre ambos os grupos. Conclusão: O bloco ósseo dividido manteve uma crista significativamente mais larga e apresentou menos reabsorção após 4 meses, em comparação ao enxerto em bloco córtico-esponjoso, sem diferença na qualidade do osso regenerado entre ambos os grupos. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Implants , Transplants , Cone-Beam Computed TomographyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The success of implants is associated first with their osseointegration, and later on with their survival rate. In recent years, many efforts have been exerted to develop implant design, geometry, materials and techniques to enhance the osseointegration process and also to increase the success rate of implant procedures. New techniques, like leukocyte and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) and low-level laser treatment (LLLT), have been developed to enhance the osseointegration around dental implants. AIM: This study aims at accelerating bone osseointegration process around dental implant using new techniques to increase the success rate, to allow immediate or early loading of a dental implant, and to make a comparison between the various new techniques in dental implant procedures to figure out which technique will achieve the best results. METHODS: The study was conducted on a random sample of 40 male patients. Dental implants were placed in the posterior areas of the lower jaw. Patients were divided randomly into 4 groups; control group, LLLT group, L-PRF group and L-PRF plus LLLT group. They were assessed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). RESULTS: The results showed significant differences between all groups over different measured times. All the groups showed improvement in comparison with Normal group, where L-PRF group showed the best result followed by (L-PRF+LLLT) group, while the LLLT group showed the least improvement in comparison with bothL-PRF group and (L-PRF+LLLT) group. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that L-PRF gives a better performance in the osseointegration around dental implants than LLLT.
ABSTRACT
Over the last decade there have been increasing efforts to develop three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds for bone tissue engineering from bioactive ceramics with 3D printing emerging as a promising technology. The overall objective of the present study was to generate a tissue engineered synthetic bone graft with homogenously distributed osteoblasts and mineralizing bone matrix in vitro, thereby mimicking the advantageous properties of autogenous bone grafts and facilitating usage for reconstructing segmental discontinuity defects in vivo. To this end, 3D scaffolds were developed from a silica-containing calcium alkali orthophosphate, using, first, a replica technique - the Schwartzwalder-Somers method - and, second, 3D printing, (i.e. rapid prototyping). The mechanical and physical scaffold properties and their potential to facilitate homogenous colonization by osteogenic cells and extracellular bone matrix formation throughout the porous scaffold architecture were examined. Osteoblastic cells were dynamically cultured for 7 days on both scaffold types with two different concentrations of 1.5 and 3 × 109 cells/l. The amount of cells and bone matrix formed and osteogenic marker expression were evaluated using hard tissue histology, immunohistochemical and histomorphometric analysis. 3D-printed scaffolds (RPS) exhibited more micropores, greater compressive strength and silica release. RPS seeded with 3 × 109 cells/l displayed greatest cell and extracellular matrix formation, mineralization and osteocalcin expression. In conclusion, RPS displayed superior mechanical and biological properties and facilitated generating a tissue engineered synthetic bone graft in vitro, which mimics the advantageous properties of autogenous bone grafts, by containing homogenously distributed terminally differentiated osteoblasts and mineralizing bone matrix and therefore is suitable for subsequent in vivo implantation for regenerating segmental discontinuity bone defects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
