ABSTRACT
The antimicrobially active EtOH extracts of Maytenus heterophylla yielded a new dihydroagarofuran alkaloid,1beta-acetoxy-9alpha-benzoyloxy-2beta,6alpha-dinicotinoyloxy-beta-dihydroagarofuran, together with the known compounds beta-amyrin, maytenfolic acid, 3alpha-hydroxy-2-oxofriedelane-20alpha-carboxylic acid, lup-20(29)-ene-1beta,3beta-diol, (-)-4'-methylepigallocatechin, and (-)-epicatechin. In addition, beta-amyrin, (-)-epicatechin and (-)-4'-methylepigallocatechin were isolated from Maytenus arbutifolia. The structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was based primarily on 1D and 2D NMR analyses, including HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY correlations. Maytenfolic acid showed moderate antimicrobial activity by inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Subject(s)
Alkaloids/isolation & purification , Celastraceae/chemistry , Sesquiterpenes/isolation & purification , Triterpenes/isolation & purification , Alkaloids/chemistry , Alkaloids/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Anti-Infective Agents/isolation & purification , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Structure , Sesquiterpenes/chemistry , Sesquiterpenes/pharmacology , Spectrum Analysis , Triterpenes/chemistry , Triterpenes/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Rhombifoline and 5,6-dehydrolupanine were isolated for the first time from the leaves and stems of A. foetida L. indigenous to Saudi Arabia. In addition, five other alkaloids, previously identified in A. foetidia L., namely N-methylcytisine, sparteine, anagyrine, lupanine and cytisine, were isolated. The isolated alkaloids were characterized by UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectral data. 13C-NMR data of rhombifoline and 5,6-dehydrolupanine are reported for the first time.
Subject(s)
Azocines/isolation & purification , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Sparteine , Azocines/chemistry , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Mass Spectrometry , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Quinolizines , Spectrophotometry, UltravioletABSTRACT
Partially purified isochorismate hydroxymutase (isochorismate synthase, E.C. 5.4.99.6) from Flavobacterium K3-15, a vitamin K overproducer, was immobilized on CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B, alkylamine glass substituted with glutardialdehyde, and aminohexyl Sepharose 4B substituted with glutardialdehyde. The immobilized enzyme exhibited a lower specific activity but a broader pH tolerance and a higher thermostability than the soluble enzyme. The stability of the enzyme was greatly increased by immobilization. Isochorismic acid, which is not commercially available, was prepared by a constant flow incubation.
Subject(s)
Enzymes, Immobilized/chemistry , Intramolecular Transferases , Isomerases/chemistry , Catalysis , Chorismic Acid/chemistry , Coenzymes/chemistry , Cyclohexenes , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Kinetics , Magnesium/chemistry , Proteins/metabolism , Substrate Specificity , TemperatureABSTRACT
Diphenylamine has been isolated as one of the active antihyperglycemic agents of onion. It was identified by ir, uv, cmr, pmr, and mass spectra. It attained the highest percentage in mature onion bulbs; other onion organs contained diphenylamine in lower percentages. Green and black teas were found to contain relatively high percentages of diphenylamine, being higher in the former. Cooking was found to decrease the diphenylamine content.
Subject(s)
Aniline Compounds/isolation & purification , Diphenylamine/isolation & purification , Hypoglycemic Agents/isolation & purification , Tea/analysis , Vegetables/analysis , Animals , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Diphenylamine/pharmacology , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Mass Spectrometry , Rabbits , Spectrometry, Fluorescence , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A simple method is presented for the separation of cardiac glycosides from cardiac aglycones using highly cross-linked lipophilic dextran gel chromatography with 95% ethanol as the solvent.
Subject(s)
Cardanolides/isolation & purification , Cardiac Glycosides/isolation & purification , Dextrans , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry , Chromatography, Thin Layer/methods , Gels , Hydrolysis , Molecular Weight , TritiumSubject(s)
Cardanolides/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Animals , Cardanolides/chemical synthesis , Cell Nucleus/metabolism , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Cytosol/metabolism , Dialysis , In Vitro Techniques , Liver/cytology , Male , Microsomes, Liver/metabolism , Mitochondria, Liver/metabolism , Nucleotides/metabolism , Pyridines/metabolism , Rats , Subcellular Fractions/metabolism , Time Factors , TritiumSubject(s)
Cardanolides/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Animals , Cardanolides/chemical synthesis , Cardanolides/pharmacology , Cell Fractionation , Cell Nucleus/metabolism , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Cytoplasm/metabolism , Digitoxin/pharmacology , In Vitro Techniques , Kidney/metabolism , Male , Microsomes/metabolism , Microsomes, Liver/metabolism , Mitochondria/metabolism , Mitochondria, Liver/metabolism , Myocardium/cytology , Myocardium/metabolism , Phenobarbital/pharmacology , Rats , TritiumABSTRACT
Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) fractions isolated from germinated and ungerminated spores of Botryodiplodia theobromae and Rhizopus stolonifer had acceptor activity for all 20 amino acids commonly found in protein, when tested with an enzyme fraction from germinated spores. Accordingly, it is unlikely that the absence of tRNA for a particular amino acid limits protein synthesis in fungal spores.
