Post COVID-19 large pneumatocele: clinical and pathological perspectives.

A middle aged COVID-19 male patient presented 2 weeks after discharge with new onset of dyspnoea and desaturation. Radiological studies revealed right side pneumothorax and lower lobe cystic air space. Chest drain was inserted and on a later date the patient underwent thoracoscopic surgery where a large pneumatocele was identified. Deroofing and closure of sources of air leak were done. Histopathological examination demonstrated extensive fibrosis, intra-alveolar Haemorrhage and pneumocytes hyperplasia.

On modeling two immune effectors two strain antigen interaction.

In this paper we consider the fractional order model with two immune effectors interacting with two strain antigen. The systems may explain the recurrence of some diseases e.g. tuberculosis (TB). The stability of equilibrium points are studied. Numerical solutions of this model are given. Using integer order system the system oscillates. Using fractional order system the system converges to a stable internal equilibrium. Ulam-Hyers stability of the system has been studied.

Malignant lymphoma in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia, reclassified according to the WHO classification.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of various types of malignant lymphoma (ML) in the Al-Qassim region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) according to recently introduced the WHO classification. METHODS: For this retrospective analysis, material was available in 385 out of 519 cases diagnosed as ML from 1988-2007. Morphological assessment was followed by immunohistochemistry using a panel of antibodies. The study was conducted at Prince Faisal Oncology Centre (PFOC) of King Fahad Specialist Hospital (KFSH), Buraidah, Al-Qassim, KSA. RESULTS: Out of 385 cases reviewed, 251 (65.2%) had non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and 117 (30.4%) had Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Male preponderance (male to female ratio 1.6:1) and a wide age range was observed (6 months to 103 years). B cell neoplasms were the most common NHL seen (81.6%) and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most frequent type of NHL encountered (50.1%). Indolent lymphomas like follicular lymphoma (FL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) were rather uncommon (13.2%). T cell lymphoma comprised 18.3% of the NHL. The most common type of HL was nodular sclerosis classical Hodgkin lymphoma (NSCHL) (68.3%). CONCLUSION: In Al-Qassim region of KSA, NHL is the most common ML seen and DLBCL the most common type. Unlike other parts of KSA and Middle East, NSCHL is the most common type of HL encountered.