ABSTRACT
Highly solid-state fluorescent dyes based on phenothiazine bearing sulfa-drug derivatives were successfully prepared and fully characterized by NMR, mass spectra, and elemental analysis. The prepared phenothiazine dyes bearing sulfadiazine and sulfathiazole 4-(((10-hexyl-10 H-phenothiazin-3-yl)methylene)amino)-N-(pyrimidin-2yl) benzenesulfonamide (PTZ-1) and 4-(((10-hexyl-10 H-phenothiazin-3-yl) methylene) amino)-N-(thiazol-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (PTZ-2), showed strong emission in polycrystalline form, and significant emission in solution was observed. The quantum yield of the prepared dyes varied and decreased by increasing the solvent polarity, with the maximum recorded value being 0.63 and 0.6 in dioxane. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and the effect of the solvent polarity on absorption and emission spectra were investigated. The dyeing application of polyester fabrics using the prepared phenothiazine-based dyes was studied, showing very good affinity to dyed fabrics. The antibacterial affinity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for the dye powder as well as the dyed PET fabric was investigated, with PTZ-2 showing better affinity against bacteria compared to PTZ-1. This multifunctional property highlights the potential uses of PTZ-1 and PTZ-2 for advanced applications in biomedicine and optoelectronics.
ABSTRACT
The textile-wet process enormously consumes a large volume of water and chemicals, and thus awareness of cleaner production has been growing to protect the environment from the industrial effluents. In this context, reactive dyeing of cellulosic materials such as cotton fabrics is a major sector of textile coloration that necessitates the use of a large amount of sodium sulfate or sodium chloride and alkali to exhaust and fix the dye molecules with cellulosic macromolecules, respectively. However, the remaining salt and alkali in the effluent badly affect the environment. For this purpose, the use of trisodium nitrilotriacetate (TNA) in reactive dyeing of cotton fabrics was hypothesized to have a double benefit, one as an exhausting agent (organic salt) and the second as a fixing agent (organic base). Thus, the exhaust dyeing characteristics of cotton fabrics using C.I. Reactive Yellow 145 (RY145) was optimized under different conditions of TNA concentration, alkali concentration, temperature, and dyeing time. The color strength and the primary and secondary exhaustion values were also investigated with an eye on those values obtained using the conventional dyeing method. The characterization of effluent samples with RY 145 taken after dyeing using TNA compared with conventional dyeing indicated an efficient reduction of COD, BOD, and TDS values by 99, 97, and 97%, respectively. The new dyeing method was implemented using C.I. Reactive Black 5 (RB5), C.I. Reactive Blue 160 (RB160), and C.I. Reactive Red 24 (RR24) to reveal good dyeability and fastness properties comparable with those obtained using the conventional method. The overall results obtained suggest the suitability of TNA as an environmentally friendly agent suitable as an exhausting and fixing agent of cellulosic fabrics.
