Occurrence and Phylogenetic Description of Cystic Echinococcosis Isolate from Egyptian Camel (Camelus Dromedarius).

Cystic echinococcosis is one of the most significant cyclo-zoonotic diseases of major economic and public health significance worldwide. The current study was carried out to determine the epidemiological profile of cystic echinococcosis as well as to investigate its molecular and phylogenic status from one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in the southern region of Egypt. In the present work, 110 camels freshly slaughtered at Daraw abattoirs, Aswan governorate were inspected for the presence of Hydatid cysts (HCs) visually and manually by palpation and incision, over a period of one year (June, 2018 - May, 2019). Furthermore, fourteen fertile hydatid cyst samples were collected from lungs of slaughtered camels. DNA extraction from two fertile samples was successfully achieved followed by phylogenetic analysis on two mitochondrial genes (cox1and nad1). Out of 110 camels slaughtered 11 (10 %) were found harboring hydatid cysts. The infection was found to prevail throughout the year, with the highest peak encountered in winter (45.5 %). The lungs were the most frequently infected organs (72.7 %) with liver cysts occurring at a significantly lower rate (27.3 %). The mean value of total protein, glucose, urea, cholesterol, magnesium, potassium, copper and creatinine was higher in cystic fluid from camels as compared to cattle. Blast and phylogenetic analysis on sequenced genes showed the presence of Echinococcus intermedius, originally the pig genotype (G7) in camels for the first time in Egypt. To the best of our knowledge, the current research provides a description of the current epidemiological and molecular situation of camel hydatidosis in the southern region of Egypt. Furthermore, the current results may have significant implications for hydatid disease control in the studied region.

Resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep to some anthelmintics.

The occurrence of resistance to three of commonly used anthelmintics, Pyrantel tartrate (Banminth), Albendazole2.5% (Valbazen) and Duramectin 1% (Dectomax) was studied in locally bred sheep in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, Egypt, by means of faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). The faecal egg count reduction test showed that Pyrantel tartrate and Albendazole were less than 95% effective, 77% and 89% FECR% value respectively (i.e.: presence of resistance) while Duramectin showed full efficacy, 100% FECR% value. Culture of faecal samples before and after treatment in groups was done to interpret the anthelmintic resistance of individual nematode species. Where Ostertagia circumcincta and Bunostomum trigonocephalumn were susceptible to Pyrantel tartrate and Albendazole (100% FECR for each) but Nematodirus battus and Homonchus contortus have developed varying degrees of resistance for both drugs (56.3%, 48.2% and 88%, 70% respectively). Meanwhile, all nematode species were susceptible to Duramectin.

Biological aspects on Dictyocaulus arnfieldi.

In the postmortem examination of 54 adult donkeys slaughtered for the carnivore animals in Kafr El-Sheikh Zoological Garden, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi (Cobbold, 1884) Railliet and Henry, 1907 was demonstrated in their lungs. The biological data of the different developmental stages were recorded and discussed, where the period required for maturation, hatching and development of 2nd and 3rd stage larvae was 84 hours, general discussion was given.

[Paramphostomid infestation in equids in Egypt]. / Eine Studie zum Paramphistomiden-Befall bei Equiden in Agypten.

The investigation of 156 donkeys in the area of the veterinary faculty of the Tanta University in Kafr el-Sheikh showed that 49 animals (31.41%) were infected with trematodes, 34 donkeys (21.80%) served as hosts for Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus, 22 (14.10%) were infected with Fasciola gigantica und 7 (4.49%) with both trematodes. 6 of 40 examined horses (15.0%) showed monoinfections with G. aegyptiacus only. Because of the fragmentary knowledge on these paramphistomides of equids, some aspects concerning the morphology, pathology and clinical symptoms, differential diagnosis, occurrence, host specificity as well as therapy are discussed on the basis of the results from the central Nil delta. From now on further investigations are concentrated on the regional occurrence, frequency of infection of various hosts, seasonal changes of the excretion of eggs and chemotherapeutical possibilities.

Seasonal variation of sandflies in Beni-Suef, Egypt.

The sandflies were collected from Beni-Suef district over one year, and identified as P. papatasii, P. sergenti and Sergentomia m. minuta. The first species was predominant and increased during hot months.