ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Tongue cancer is the most prevalent type of oral cancer. Recently, natural compounds have been considered important resources for several anticancer drugs. Thymoquinone (TQ) exhibits a potent anti-cancer effect. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapeutic drug that has been utilized in the treatment of cancer. Recently, combination therapy has gained popularity as a treatment option for patients with cancer. OBJECTIVES: The present study was carried out to assess the cytotoxic effect of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), Thymoquinone (TQ), and their combination on tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line (HNO-97). METHODS: Tongue carcinoma cell line (HNO-97) was maintained in cultured flasks and the cells were divided into four groups; group Ι: control untreated group, group ΙΙ: HNO-97-treated cells with different concentrations of 5-FU from 0.5 µM/ml to 3µM/ml, group ΙIΙ: HNO-97-treated cells with different concentrations of TQ from 7.25µM/ml to 23.05µM/ml, and group ΙV: HNO-97-treated cells with both 5-FU and TQ in serial concentrations till (IC50) in a dose of 27.44 µM/ml. Determination of the cytotoxic effect of the tested agents on the HNO-97 cell line was done using methyl thiazole tetrazolium assay, nuclear morphometric analysis, microscopic examination, and annexin-v/ propidium iodide staining assay. RESULT: The findings revealed that the cytotoxic effect of 5-FU, TQ, and their combination on tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line (HNO-97) was dose-dependent. The microscopic examination revealed that 5-FU, TQ alone, or their combination induced apoptotic cell death. P-value < 0.05 was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The combination of 5-FU and TQ produced a marked cytotoxic effect on HNO-97 cells.
Subject(s)
Apoptosis , Benzoquinones , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Cell Proliferation , Fluorouracil , Tongue Neoplasms , Humans , Fluorouracil/pharmacology , Benzoquinones/pharmacology , Tongue Neoplasms/drug therapy , Tongue Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Tumor Cells, Cultured , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology , In Vitro Techniques , Cell Line, Tumor , Drug SynergismABSTRACT
Context: Cytotoxicity and adaptability are among the highly imperative tests that should be performed on a novel endodontic material to ensure its successful implementation in endodontic treatment. Aims: Assess a recently introduced bioceramic root canal sealer CeramoSeal with TotalFill BC and AH plus sealers regarding the cytotoxicity and adaptability. Materials and Methods: Five sealer discs were prepared for each sealer and their extracts were cultured in 96-well plates containing human fibroblasts for 24 h. After their incubation, MTT solution was added to each well plate using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plate reader was implemented to calculate the percentage of viable cells. Thirty mandibular single-rooted premolars were prepared using the Edge Endo rotary system, teeth were divided into three groups (n = 10) based on the sealer type: Group 1 CeramoSeal, Group 2 Totalfill, and Group 3 AH plus sealer. Teeth were sectioned longitudinally and viewed under a scanning electron microscope where the region with the gaps was identified and quantified as a percentage of the root canal's overall area. Statistical Analysis: One-way ANOVA test was used for cytotoxicity, while Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman's tests were used for adaptability. Results: Ceramoseal statistically significantly showed the lowest viability, at high concentrations AH plus showed the highest cell viability, while at lower concentration Totalfill BC sealer showed the highest cell viability percentage. The gap percentages were statistically significantly higher in Ceramoseal group, there was no statistically significant difference between AH Plus and Totalfill groups. Conclusions: Ceramoseal sealer exhibited the lowest viability and highest gap percentage compared to the other sealers.
