The Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Citrus sinensis 'Maltese Half-blood' Essential Oil Peels Extracted and Optimized by Response-surface Methodology.

BACKGROUND: Citrus fruits have been a valuable economic crop for thousands of years. Furthermore, citrus essential oils are significant in the perfume, food, and beverage sectors, as well as aromatherapy and medical medicines. AIMS: The present study aims to evaluate the phytochemical and pharmacological potentials of the optimized Citrus sinensis 'Maltese half-blood' essential oils peels (CsEO) extraction yields using Response-Surface Methodology (RSM). OBJECTIVE: There have been few investigations on Citrus sinensis 'Maltese half-blood' essential oil. METHODS: Citrus sinensis 'Maltese half-blood' essential oil peels (CsEO) extraction yields were performed by hydro-distillation and optimized by using Response-Surface Methodology (RSM). The oils were analysed by GC-MS. Different chemical tests were used to evaluate antioxidant activities. The healing potential was evaluated using models' wounds on Wistar rats. RESULTS: The RSM optimization demonstrated the highest yield of CsEO of 6.89 g/100 g d.b. All three tested factors significantly influenced the CsEO extraction yield: washing saline solution concentration, washings number, and drying percentage of peels. Significant antioxidant activities were noted in CsEO: the DPPH assay reported an IC50 of 0.225 ± 0.014 mL/mg, the FRAP assay showed an IC50 of 0.235 ± 0.001, and the NO assay was an IC50 in order of 0.259 ± 0.019. CsEO was not genotoxic and considerably decreased the levels of DNA lesions induced by oxidants. Also, applying a cream with CsEO on wounds promotes significantly rapid wound healing. CONCLUSION: CsEO could be considered a rich natural source of antioxidants and bio-compounds to accelerate wound healing. It can be used in pharmaceutical sectors as an alternative to synthetic chemicals.

Lawsonia inermis essential oil: extraction optimization by RSM, antioxidant activity, lipid peroxydation and antiproliferative effects.

BACKGROUND: The present study was focused on the optimization of yield of the essential oil extraction from leaves of Lawsonia inermis, and the determination of chemical composition, antioxidant activities, and lipid peroxydation and antiproliferative effects. METHODS: Henna essential oil (HeEO) were extracted by hydrodistillation; the identification of the chemical composition were done by GC/MS method. HeEO was analyzed for antioxidant power in: (1) chemical system by the DPPH test, the ABTS test and the total antioxidant activity test; and (2) in biological system by lipid peroxydation tests (MDA and DC) in cells culture. The cytotoxicity effects of HeEO were assessed using MTT assay against Raji and HeLa cell lines. RESULTS: The optimal extraction yield was 6.8 g/100 g d.b. HeEO showed a remarkable anti-oxidant activities including DDPH (42%), ABTS (87%) and the power of ammonium phosphomolybdate (2992 ± 230 mg of HeEO by equivalent to 1 mg of vitamin C in terms of total antioxidant power). CONCLUSION: Beyond notable antioxidant activities of the HeEo, our results showed a significant decrease in the production of ERO in the Raji cell line. The anti-tumor power of the Henna essential oil shows an interesting cytotoxicity effect (IC50 at 0.26 µg/mL for Raji and at 1.43 µg/mL for HeLa) with a total mortality percentage reaching 60%, for both.