ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Urinary bladder cancer (BC) is the seventh most common cancer worldwide with the highest incidence rates in Western Europe, North America, and Australia. The most common type of BC is urothelial carcinoma (UC), which represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic value of CD24, SOX2, and Nanog in UC cases and the correlation with recurrence and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, the authors investigated the expression of CD24, SOX2, and Nanog in 80 patients with urinary BC. The clinical significance of the markers was evaluated by assessing the correlation with the clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis. RESULTS: The CD24 expression was positive in 62.5% of the BC patients, there was a significant association between CD24 expression and high grade and stage and lymphovascular invasion (LVI), P (0.002, 0.0010, and 0.001). SOX2 was expressed in 60 patients (75%), the expression was significantly associated with age, stage, grade, LVI, lymph node, and smoking, P (0.016, 0.01, <0.001, 0.003, 0.036, and 0.002), respectively. Nanog expression was positive in 60% of the BC patients. There was a significant association between Nanog expression and age, high grade, high stage, and LVI ( P =0.016, <0.001, and 0.003), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A significant relation between CD24, SOX2, and Nanog with the invasive potential of UC. This increase in expression of the 3 markers with the grades and stages of UC suggests that they can play a role in the development of UC, so they can be used in targeted therapy in the future.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , Humans , Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology , CD24 Antigen/metabolism , Europe , Lymphatic Metastasis , Prognosis , SOXB1 Transcription Factors , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
Introduction: Breast carcinoma (BC) is one of the most common cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. S100A9 and S100A8 are calcium-binding proteins involved in BC metastasis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound proteins that play a vital role in immune systems and carcinogenesis through inflammatory cytokines.Objectives: We aimed to evaluate of S100A8, S100A9 and TLR5 in breast carcinoma by IHC, their gene expression by PCR and investigate their correlation with clinicopathological characters and hormone status.Materials and methods: This study was done in Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Pathology Departments, Zagazig University, Egypt. Biopsy was taken from 72 patients with invasive breast carcinoma cases admitted to Surgery Department, Zagazig University, between January 2018 and January 2021. 72 breast biopsies were obtained from adjacent normal breast (as a control). IHC, gene expression by q real-time PCR using S100A8, S100A9 and TRL5.Results: Positive S100A8, S100A9, TLR5 were 81.9%, 76.4%, 86.1% respectively with statistically significant association between advanced stage, presence of lymph node metastasis, ER.PR status and HER2 negative expression.Conclusiones: Based on our findings, we postulated that S100A8, S100A9, TLR5 play an important role in progression of BC and can be used as novel molecular targets for earlier BC detection and prediction for future therapies in breast carcinoma. (AU)
Introducción: El carcinoma de mama (BC, por sus siglas en inglés) es una de las muertes relacionadas con el cáncer más comunes entre las mujeres en todo el mundo. S100A9 y S100A8 son proteínas de unión al calcio implicadas en la metástasis del BC. Los receptores tipo peaje (TLR, por sus siglas en inglés) son proteínas unidas por membrana que juegan un papel vital en los sistemas inmunitarios y carcinogénesis a través de citocinas inflamatorias.Objetivos: Evaluar S100A8, S100A9 y TLR5 en el BC por IHC, su expresión génica por PCR e investigar su correlación con los caracteres clínico patológicos y el estado hormonal.Material y métodos: Este estudio se realizó en los Departamentos de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Patología de la Universidad de Zagazig, Egipto. Se tomó biopsia de 72 pacientes con carcinoma de mama invasivo ingresados en el Departamento de Cirugía de la Universidad de Zagazig, entre enero de 2018 y enero de 2021. Setenta y dos biopsias de mama se obtuvieron de mama normal adyacente (como control). IHC, expresión génica por q PCR en tiempo real usando S100A8, S100A9 y TRL5.Resultados: Positivo S100A8, S100A9 y TLR5 fueron del 81,9, 76,4 y 86,1%, respectivamente, con asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el estadio avanzado, la presencia de metástasis en los ganglios linfáticos, el estado de ER.PR−, expresión negativa de HER2.Conclusiones:Sobre la base de nuestros hallazgos, postulamos que S100A8, S100A9 y TLR5 juegan un papel importante en la progresión del BC y pueden utilizarse como nuevas dianas moleculares para la detección temprana del BC y la predicción para futuras terapias en el BC. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , S100 Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) is recognized as the third most common cause of death. Incomplete resection of the primary tumor is the main cause of local recurrence and poor prognosis in HNSCC. Histologic assessment in order to determine "tumor-free" margins could be inadequate because of malignant transformation occurs at the molecular level earlier than the morphologic level. The present study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and Osteopontin in the tumor cells and histologically tumor free surgical margins of HNSCC. This cohort study was performed on 60 cases of HNSCC diagnosed at the Department of Pathology and treated at the Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University. Our enrolled formalin fixed paraffin embedded biopsy specimens with their matched tumor free surgical margins from resected head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were immunostaind for eIF4E and Osteopontin markers. 65% of our HNSCC patients had eIF4 E positive cytoplasmic immunostaining and 70% of them exhibited Osteopontin staining. Two-thirds of the dead patients exhibited high Osteopontin positive staining, whereas the surviving group did not exhibit this high expression. Concerning eIF4E, 85% and 5% of the dead patients showed high and low eIF4E expression, respectively. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival were significantly (P=0.000) different between high and negative expression of Osteopontin, high and negative expression of eIF4E. 84% of patients with eIF4E positive margins and 75% with Osteopontin positive margins had local recurrence. In addition, negative expression of eIF4E is associated with highly significant better DFS and overall survival (P=0.000 and 0.001), respectively, in the margin negative expression status, while negative expression of Osteopontin was significantly associated with better DFS but of no significance in overall survival outcome. Our findings suggest that tumor-free surgical margins in HNSCC may be redefined as histologically Osteopontin and eIF4E negative resection margins. However, multicenter prospective studies are required to further evaluate their clinical utility in the surgical management of primary HNSCC.
Subject(s)
Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E/metabolism , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Cohort Studies , Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery , Humans , Margins of Excision , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism , Osteopontin/metabolism , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/surgeryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is mostly diagnosed at advanced stage, so prognosis is poor. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanism of GC development to design new targeted treatment to improve the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. AIM OF THE WORK: To assess the prognostic value of NEDD-9 and FOXL-1 expression in intestinal type gastric cancer patients, as well as their relationship to clinicopathologic features of the disease and patients outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study; we included 50 sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples which included intestinal type GC and adjacent non-neoplastic gastric mucosa in the same block that were subjected to immunohistochemistry with anti-NEDD-9 and anti-FOXL-1 antibody. Patients were retrospectively followed up for about 5 years for assessment of tumor progression and survival in relation to marker expression. RESULTS: High NEDD-9 and low FOXL-1 expression were found in intestinal type GC more than adjacent non-neoplastic mucosa (p < 0.001). NEDD-9 high expression and FOXL-1 low expression were associated with presence of helicobacter pylori gastritis (p = 0.010, 0.049), high grade (p = 0.007, 0.004), high stage (p < 0.001), presence of distant metastases (p = 0.029, 0.021), poor DFS (p = 0.003), and OS rates (< 0.001). CONCLUSION: NEDD-9 overexpression and FOXL-1 deficiency in intestinal type GC can help in prediction of tumor prognosis and it can guide the selection of patients for future therapies in gastric carcinoma.
