ABSTRACT
PIP: The author studies "the impacts of different socio-demographic variables on fertility of couples experiencing differential child mortality in North-Eastern Libya. The test of equality of regression coefficients of any particular variable is also suggested. Results show that the regression coefficients in the fitted linear regression line of fertility of child loss mothers are significantly different than those in fitted linear regression lines of fertility of mothers without child loss." (EXCERPT)^ieng
Subject(s)
Birth Rate , Fertility , Infant Mortality , Linear Models , Methods , Africa , Africa, Northern , Demography , Developing Countries , Libya , Middle East , Mortality , Population , Population Dynamics , Regression Analysis , Research , Statistics as TopicABSTRACT
Broilers at 18 days old were vaccinated with a single dose of the K strain of Newcastle disease vaccine administered by different routes. The serological results obtained by haemagglutination inhibition at weekly intervals post-vaccination showed that birds vaccinated intranasally (i/n) or intramuscularly (i/m) had antibody titres higher than those vaccinated by the oral method. Furthermore, when challenged 3 weeks after vaccination, those broilers vaccinated i/n or i/m had 75% and 70% resistance respectively, while those vaccinated by the oral or spray methods failed to withstand the challenge.
Subject(s)
Chickens/immunology , Newcastle Disease/prevention & control , Newcastle disease virus/immunology , Poultry Diseases/prevention & control , Vaccination/veterinary , Viral Vaccines , Administration, Intranasal , Administration, Oral , Animals , Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests/veterinary , Injections, Intramuscular/veterinary , Newcastle Disease/immunology , Poultry Diseases/immunology , SudanABSTRACT
Outbreaks of lumpy skin disease in imported Friesian and indigenous cattle which occurred in the Khartoum State during the period of 1989-1991, are described. The disease was diagnosed from clinical findings, isolation and identification of the virus and from electron microscopy. Clinical findings included pyrexia, nasal discharge, appearance of multiple skin nodules of varying sizes, oedema of legs and brisket and abortion. The disease in purebred Friesian cattle was severe with a morbidity rate of 37.9% and a mortality rate of 4.2% while it was rather mild in indigenous cattle.
Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Lumpy Skin Disease/epidemiology , Animals , Cattle , Lumpy Skin Disease/mortality , Sudan/epidemiologySubject(s)
Rhabdomyosarcoma/veterinary , Rodent Diseases/pathology , Animals , Hindlimb , Male , Muridae , Rats , Rhabdomyosarcoma/pathologyABSTRACT
Unadapted bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) virus was isolated from cattle blood after intravenous inoculation into chicken embryos. Infected embryos died or hatched as abnormal chickens. The chick embryo was slightly less sensitive to unadapted BEF virus than were Vero cell cultures, but the use of embryos avoids the several blind passages that are required to isolate BEF virus in unweaned mice. Chick embryos were considerably less efficient than Vero cell culture or unweaned mice in detecting Vero cell-adapted and mouse-adapted BEF virus respectively. Viraemia was demonstrated in chicken embryos at 1-4 days and in one-day-old chickens at 1-3 days after intravenous inoculation of BEF virus. BEF virus was demonstrated by isolation and by immunofluoresence in heart, brain, lung and liver of chicken embryos at 1-5 days and in lung and liver of one-day-old chickens at 1-2 days, after intravenous inoculation. The isolated viruses were confirmed as BEF virus by neutralization with immune mouse ascitic fluid. BEF neutralizing antibodies were produced in 4-week-old and adult chickens after intravenous inoculation with BEF virus.
