ABSTRACT
The two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheet-carbon composite is an attractive material for energy storage because of its high Faradaic activity, unique nanoconstruction and electronic properties. In this work, a facile one step preparation of a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheet-graphene (MoS2/G) composite with the in situ reduction of graphene oxide is reported. The structure, morphology and composition of the pure MoS2 and composites were comparatively analyzed by various characterization techniques. The electrochemical performance of the pure MoS2, graphene oxide and the MoS2/G composite electrode materials was evaluated by cyclic voltammogram, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The MoS2/G composite showed a higher specific capacitance (270 F g(-1) at a current density of 0.1 A g(-1)) compared to the pure MoS2 (162 F g(-1)) in a neutral aqueous electrolyte. Moreover, the energy density of the composite electrode is also higher (12.5 Wh kg(-1)) with a high power density (2500 W kg(-1)) compared to the pure MoS2. In addition, the MoS2/G composite electrode showed excellent cyclic stability even after 1000 cycles. The enhancement in specific capacitance, excellent cyclic stability and high energy density of the composite electrode are mainly due to the interconnected conductive network of the composite as well as the synergetic effect of the pure MoS2 and graphene. The experimental results demonstrated that the MoS2/G composite is a promising electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.
ABSTRACT
Compensatory adrenal growth after unilateral adrenalectomy (ULA) leads to adrenocortical hyperplasia. Because zonal growth contributions are not clear, we characterized the phenotype of cortical cells that proliferate using immunofluorescence histochemistry and zone-specific cell counting. Rats underwent ULA, sham adrenalectomy (sham), or no surgery and were killed at 2 or 5 days. Adrenals were weighed and sections immunostained for Ki67 (proliferation), cytochrome P-450 aldosterone synthase (P450aldo, glomerulosa), and cytochrome P-450 11beta-hydroxylase (P45011beta, fasciculata). Unbiased stereology was used to count proliferating glomerulosa and fasciculata cells. Adrenal weight increased after ULA compared with sham and no surgery at both time points, and there was no difference between sham and no surgery. However, either ULA or sham increased Ki67-positive cells in the outer fasciculata at both time points compared with no surgery. Outer fasciculata-restricted proliferation is thus associated with adrenal weight gain in ULA but not sham. Experiment repetition using proliferating cell nuclear antigen and bromodeoxyuridine showed similar results. After ULA, adrenal DNA, RNA, and protein increased at both time points, whereas after sham, only adrenal DNA increased at 2 days. Compensatory growth thus results from hyperplasia and hypertrophy, whereas sham induces only a transient adrenal hyperplasia. Dexamethasone pretreatment prevented the increase in adrenal weight after ULA and blocked Ki67 labeling in the outer fasciculata but not zona glomerulosa in all groups. These results clearly show that the outer fasciculata is the primary adrenal zone responsible for compensatory growth, responding to steroid-suppressible stress signals that alone are ineffective in increasing adrenal mass.
