ABSTRACT
Biophysical models designed to predict the growth and response of tumors to treatment have the potential to become a valuable tool for clinicians in care of cancer patients. Specifically, individualized tumor forecasts could be used to predict response or resistance early in the course of treatment, thereby providing an opportunity for treatment selection or adaption. This chapter discusses an experimental and modeling framework in which noninvasive imaging data is used to initialize and parameterize a subject-specific model of tumor growth. This modeling approach is applied to an analysis of murine models of glioma growth.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Brain/pathology , Glioma/pathology , Algorithms , Animals , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Computer Simulation , Female , Glioma/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Models, Biological , Rats, Wistar , SoftwareABSTRACT
Sesamoid bones and accessory ossicles are common incidental findings on radiographs. These can occasionally become symptomatic, usually after a precipitating event such as an injury or overuse, or they can be incidental findings unrelated to the presenting pathology. The aim of this study was to highlight a rare case of a bipartite fifth metatarsal sesamoid bone and to review previous literature regarding sesamoid bones and accessory ossicles.
Subject(s)
Metatarsal Bones/abnormalities , Metatarsal Bones/diagnostic imaging , Sesamoid Bones/abnormalities , Sesamoid Bones/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , RadiographyABSTRACT
We report a retrospective study of 171 consecutive patients with a lateral ankle sprain. All the patients with direct or blunt force trauma were excluded. Within 21 days of injury, 115 (67.25%) patients had undergone magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate for more serious or significant injuries. The average patient age was 44.09 years. Of the 115 patients, 75 (65.23%) had findings noted to be "significant." MRI can serve as a valuable and underused tool in the evaluation of acute lateral ankle injuries. The underuse of MRI might explain the high degree of variability in patients recovering from a lateral ankle sprain.
Subject(s)
Ankle Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Ankle Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Ankle Joint/diagnostic imaging , Delayed Diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Sprains and Strains/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Age Factors , Delayed Diagnosis/adverse effects , Delayed Diagnosis/prevention & control , Diagnostic Errors/prevention & control , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity , Talus/diagnostic imaging , Talus/injuries , Young AdultABSTRACT
Asthma is one of the most common respiratory diseases. Although progress has been made in our understanding of airway pathology and many drugs are available to relieve asthma symptoms, there is no cure for chronic asthma. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), a primary inhibitor of tissue-type and urokinase-type plasminogen activators, has pleiotropic functions besides suppression of fibrinolysis. In this study, we show that administration of TM5275, an orally effective small-molecule PAI-1 inhibitor, 25 days after ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization-challenge, significantly ameliorated airway hyperresponsiveness in an OVA-induced chronic asthma model. Furthermore, we show that TM5275 administration significantly attenuated OVA-induced infiltration of inflammatory cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes), the increase in the levels of OVA-specific IgE and Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-5), the production of mucin in the airways, and airway subepithelial fibrosis. Together, the results suggest that the PAI-1 inhibitor TM5275 may have therapeutic potential for asthma through suppressing eosinophilic allergic response and ameliorating airway remodeling.
