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1.
Plant Foods Hum Nutr ; 79(2): 432-439, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38504008

ABSTRACT

Grapes present recognized beneficial effects on human health due to their polyphenolic composition. The grape overproduction together with the wine sales down and the world socioeconomic situation makes the wine grape valorization a promising strategy to give an added-value to this natural product. The objective of the present work was to study the influence of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic profile of skin and seed extracts of different grape varieties (Tempranillo, Graciano, Maturana tinta and Hondarrabi zuri). After in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, total phenolic content (TPC) of seed polyphenolic extracts decreased significantly for all the varieties. The highest decrease was for Tempranillo going from 108 ± 9 to 50 ± 3 mg / g dry matter (dm). This variety also showed the highest decrease of 90% in antioxidant capacity. However, for all the skin polyphenolic extracts there was an increase in TPC. The highest variation was also for Tempranillo. It varied from 10.1 ± 0.8 to 55.1 ± 0.9 mg / g dm. Among red varieties Tempranillo skin polyphenolic extract showed the lowest undigested anthocyanin content but the highest bioaccessibility index (BI) of 77%. For flavanols, flavonols and procyanidins the seed polyphenolic extracts showed a BI at the intestinal phase between 11% for (+)-epicatechin gallate to 130% procyanidin A2. The results of this study suggest that grape skin extracts and grape seed extracts are a reliable source of bioaccessible antioxidant polyphenols, to be used for the development of antioxidant supplements with specific functionalities depending on the grape variety.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants , Digestion , Phenols , Plant Extracts , Polyphenols , Seeds , Vitis , Vitis/chemistry , Antioxidants/analysis , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Seeds/chemistry , Polyphenols/analysis , Phenols/analysis , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Humans , Fruit/chemistry , Anthocyanins/analysis , Biological Availability , Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism , Grape Seed Extract , Proanthocyanidins/analysis
2.
J Int Soc Sports Nutr ; 18(1): 3, 2021 Jan 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33413451

ABSTRACT

Exercise induces free radicals' overproduction and therefore, an enhancement of oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between the production of reactive species and the intrinsic antioxidant defense. Redox activity of reactive species plays an important and a positive role on exercise adaptation, but these species at very high concentrations have detrimental effects. As a result, the use of antioxidant supplements for reducing oxidative stress can be an effective health strategy to maintain an optimal antioxidant status. In this sense, grapes are an important source of natural antioxidants due to their high content in polyphenols. They have shown antioxidant potential benefits for the reduction of intense exercise effect in athletes of different sport disciplines. Consequently, it is plausible to hypothesize that a strategic supplementation with grape based products may be a good approach to mitigate the exercise induced oxidative stress. The goal of this review is to present the state of the art of supplementation effects with grape beverages and grape extracts on the oxidative stress markers in athletes. The data of polyphenolic dosages, participant characteristics and exercise protocols are reported.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/pharmacology , Exercise , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Polyphenols/pharmacology , Vitis/chemistry , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Athletes , Dietary Supplements , Free Radicals/metabolism , Fruit and Vegetable Juices , Humans , Oxidation-Reduction , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Polyphenols/administration & dosage
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