ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale is a reliable and valid instrument that utilizes objective parameters for the assessment of social functioning in patients with schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the PSP scale. METHOD: In total, 100 patients with DSM-IV diagnoses of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder were recruited and assessed with the PSP, the GAF, the PANSS, and the CGI. Internal consistency for the PSP was obtained and discriminant validity was assessed by comparing PSP scores between inpatients and outpatients; correlations between PSP scores, the GAF, and the five factors of the PANSS were used to evaluate the convergent validity of the scale; reliability was evaluated with intra-class correlation coefficients and temporal stability was obtained using correlation coefficients between the PSP and CGI scores on a follow up assessment. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the PSP was 0.843. Inpatients showed lower scores on the PSP than did outpatients. Patients with low scores on the PSP reported fewer years of education, were more frequently unemployed, had a longer duration of illness, and had a shorter duration of antipsychotic treatment. The PSP scores showed a positive correlation with the GAF and a negative correlation with the cognitive, negative, and positive factors derived from the PANSS. The PSP scores showed significant correlations with the severity and improvement CGI scores at follow-up. Good inter-rater reliability was obtained. CONCLUSION: These findings support the Spanish version of PSP to be a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of social functioning in patients with schizophrenia.
Subject(s)
Personality/physiology , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Schizophrenic Psychology , Translating , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis , Psychotic Disorders/psychology , Reproducibility of Results , Social Adjustment , Statistics as Topic , Young AdultABSTRACT
Introducción. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de clorhidrato de metilfenidato de liberación controlada en sistema OROS (MPH OROS, Concerta®), en niños con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) previamente tratados con metilfenidato de liberación inmediata (MLI). Material y métodos. Se incluyeron 97 niños entre 6 y 16 años, con diagnóstico de TDAH de cualquier subtipo, según los criterios del DSM-IV, con tratamiento previo por lo menos 4 semanas antes con MLI en dosis de 10 a 60 mg por día, y que presentaban buena respuesta clínica. Se excluyeron niños con otras enfermedades psiquiátricas o metabólicas. La dosis de MPH OROS se administró una vez al día entre 18 a 54 mg. Se utilizaron escalas de impresión global clínica (CGI), Escala Iowa Conners para padres y maestros, Escala de Interacción de Pares, efectos sobre sueño y apetito, escala Yale de tics, somatometría y registro de eventos adversos en cada visita. Resultados. De los 97 niños, abandonaron 26 [4 (4%) por respuesta insuficiente y 2 (2%) por hiporexia y calambres]. Se analizaron 71 pacientes, 64 (90%) masculinos, 7 (10%) femeninos, con edad promedio 9 ± 2 años, con peso inicial promedio 33.8 + 9.7 kg y peso final 34.7 + 9.9 kg. La dosis de MPH OROS fue de 18 mg en 64% de los pacientes. Ningún paciente desarrolló tics de novo. La mejoría clínica de los pacientes acorde a las escalas de Iowa Conners y de pares fue significativa (P =0.001, t de Student). Los eventos adversos más comunes fueron cefalea (7%) e hiporexia (6%) leves y transitorios. Conclusiones. Estos resultados preliminares permiten indicar que MPH OROS es una buena alternativa para el manejo de los niños con TDAH y el cambio por MLI en algunos pacientes mostró una mejoría superior sin impacto negativo en sueño y apetito.
Introduction. Objective: to assess the efficacy of controlled release OROS MPH (Concerta®) in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) previously treated with immediate release methylphenidate (MPH IR). Material and methods. Children with ADHD, all subtypes, ages 6 to 12 years, with good response to MPH, were switched from IR MPH to OROS MPH once a day (qd in the morning) at 18 to 54 mg/day in a 1 year follow-up trial.The primary end-points for analysis were the last available patient visit using last observation carried forward.The scales used were CGI,Yale's for tics, somatometry, appetite and sleep evaluation from parents, and adverse events record. Results.We included 97 patients, 26 drop-outs [4 (4%) for treatment failure and 2 (2%) hyporexia and cramps]. Of the 71 patients, 64 (90%) male and 7 (10%) female, mean age 9 + 2 years, initial mean weigth 33.8 + 9.7 kg and final 34.7 + 9.9 kg (normal growth). Children with OROS MPH showed significantly greater reductions in core ADHD symptoms. On the basis of mean teacher and parents Iowa Conners and Peers interactions ratings were a significant improvement (P =0.001, Student t). CGI ratings were improvement as well.The most common adverse events were headache (7%) and hyporexia (6%) mild and transient. Conclusion. For the treatment of core ADHD symptoms, OROS MPH dosed qd were well tolerated and efficacy treatment and there were no negative impact on sleep and appetite.
