Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children Ages 5-17 Years: United States, 2020-2022.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders of childhood (1). It is characterized by a pattern of inattention, impulsivity, or hyperactivity that leads to functional impairment experienced in multiple settings (2). Symptoms of ADHD occur during childhood, and many children continue to have symptoms and impairment through adolescence and into adulthood (3). This report describes the percentage of children and adolescents ages 5-17 years who had ever been diagnosed with ADHD from the 2020-2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).

Hysterectomy Among Women Age 18 and Older: United States, 2021.

Hysterectomy is one of the most common procedures for women in the United States (1,2). Hysterectomy removes the uterus and is used to treat conditions such as uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and gynecological cancer (3). It can be performed on an inpatient or outpatient basis (4,5). This report uses 2021 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data to describe the percentage of women age 18 and older who have had a hysterectomy by selected sociodemographic characteristics.

Current Electronic Cigarette Use Among Adults Aged 18 and Over: United States, 2021.

Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has increased among some adults (1-3).Reducing the use of any tobacco product, including e-cigarettes, is a Healthy People 2030 objective (4). E-cigarettes have the potential to benefit some adults who smoke and are not pregnant if they are used as a complete substitute for regular cigarettes or other tobacco products (5). However, concerns exist about dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes (6-9). Use of e-cigarettes among young adults is also a concern because nicotine adversely impacts brain development, which continues into the early to mid-20s (5,10). This report uses 2021 National Health Interview Survey data to describe the percentage of adults aged 18 and over who currently use e-cigarettes by selected sociodemographic characteristics and dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes.

Repetitive Strain Injuries in Adults in the Past 3 Months: United States, 2021.

Objectives-This report describes the percentage of adults aged 18 and over who reported injuries from repetitive strain in the past 3 months by selected sociodemographic characteristics, including age, sex, race and Hispanic origin, and family income. The impacts of these injuries-limitation of usual activity for at least 24 hours and whether a medical professional was consulted for the injuries-are also examined. Methods-Data from the 2021 National Health Interview Survey were used to estimate the percentage of adults who had repetitive strain injuries in the past 3 months by sociodemographic characteristics. Among those who had a repetitive strain injury in the past 3 months, 24-hour limitation of activity and consultation of a medical professional are also examined by sociodemographic characteristics. Results-In 2021, for adults aged 18 and over in the United States, 9.0% had repetitive strain injuries in the past 3 months. Adults aged 35-49 (10.3%) and 50-64 (11.6%), White non-Hispanic adults (subsequently, White; 9.5%), and adults with family income at 400% or more of the federal poverty level (9.8%) tended to have higher percentages. For those who had repetitive strain injuries, 44.2% limited their activities for at least 24 hours, with the highest percentages among White adults (47.0%), women (47.1%), and adults with a family income less than 200% of the federal poverty level (51.0%). For those who limited their activity for at least 24 hours due to a repetitive strain injury, 51.4% consulted a doctor or medical professional, with the highest percentages among women (56.3%) and Black non-Hispanic adults (66.2%).

Sleep Medication Use in Adults Aged 18 and Over: United States, 2020.

Sleep medications are a common treatment option for insomnia (1). Insufficient sleep is associated with many negative mental and physical health outcomes, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, obesity, depression, and an increased risk of injury (2). The prevalence of sleep difficulties and use of sleep medication has differed between men and women (3-5). This report uses 2020 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data to describe the percentage of men and women who used medication for sleep, defined here as taking any medication to help fall or stay asleep most days or every day in the past 30 days, by selected sociodemographic characteristics.

Physical Activity Among Adults Aged 18 and Over: United States, 2020.

Regular physical activity can improve overall health and prevent negative health outcomes in people of all ages (1). Increasing the proportion of adults meeting the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans for both aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities is a Healthy People 2030 Leading Health Indicator (2), highlighting its priority for well-being. Research shows that health benefits occur with at least 150 minutes a week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, and that both aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities are beneficial (1). Using data from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), this report presents estimates of the percentage of men and women aged 18 and over meeting guidelines for both aerobic and musclestrengthening activities, by age, race and Hispanic origin, and family income.

Hearing Difficulties Among Adults: United States, 2019.

Difficulty hearing is related to other functional difficulties, such as communication, and can limit participation across a range of activities including employment, education, and civic activities. While hearing loss can occur at any age, it increases with age (1,2) and has been shown to be associated with cognitive and functional decline in older adults (3-6). This report presents difficulties with hearing even when using a hearing aid among U.S. adults aged 18 and over by level of difficulty and age, sex, and race and Hispanic origin. It also presents estimates of the prevalence of hearing aid use among adults aged 45 and over to focus on the age group with higher rates of hearing difficulties.

Patterns of Mammography, Pap Smear, and Colorectal Cancer Screening Services Among Women Aged 45 and Over.

Background-Regular screening tests can lead to early detection of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers, when treatment is likely to be more effective. This study examines and compares sociodemographic, health status, and health behavior patterns of screening for breast cancer, cervical cancer, and colorectal cancer among women aged 45 and over in the United States. Methods-This study is based on data from the 2015 and 2018 National Health Interview Surveys. Women were considered to have received colorectal cancer screening if they reported having one of the following: a) report of a home fecal occult blood test (FOBT) in the past year, b) sigmoidoscopy procedure in the past 5 years with FOBT in the past 3 years, or c) colonoscopy in the past 10 years. Women were considered to have received breast cancer screening if they had a mammogram within the past 2 years. Women were considered to have received cervical cancer screening if they reported having a Pap smear in the past 3 years. Cancer screening was analyzed by sociodemographic, health status, health behavior, and health care use characteristics. Results-Among women aged 45 and over, higher percentages of screening were associated with higher socioeconomic status, being married or living with a partner, and healthy behaviors such as not smoking, participating in physical activity, and receiving a flu shot. Conclusion-Differences in screening identified in this study are generally consistent with previous studies on screening for colorectal, breast, and cervical cancers for women at average risk and within the age groups recommended for screening. The results of this study support other findings showing the persistence of disparities in cancer screening among women aged 45 and over according to most of the selected characteristics regardless of recommended age of screening.

Hospitalization, Readmission, and Death Experience of Noninstitutionalized Medicare Fee-for-service Beneficiaries Aged 65 and Over.

OBJECTIVE: This report provides descriptive measures of hospitalization, readmission, and death among the noninstitutionalized population aged 65 and over using data from a national survey of the noninstitutionalized population linked to Medicare data and the National Death Index. The estimates are presented by self-reported demographic, socioeconomic, heath status, and other characteristics gathered during the interview with the survey participants. METHODS: Data are from the 2000­2005 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) linked to 2000­2006 Medicare data and the National Center for Health Statistics 2011 Linked Mortality Files. Findings are based on in-home interviews with 25,593 linkage-eligible noninstitutionalized respondents aged 65 and over who were enrolled in fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare during the year following the interview. Among them, 1,100 died during the year following the interview, 5,456 were hospitalized with 3,490 hospitalized once, 1,192 hospitalized twice, and 774 hospitalized three or more times. Among those hospitalized, 1,491 were readmitted to the hospital within 30 days since the discharge. Both population-based and discharge-based measures are used to present the estimates. RESULTS: This is the first report presenting national estimates on hospitalization, readmission, and death using NHIS data linked to the Medicare claims and death data. Among noninstitutionalized Medicare FFS beneficiaries aged 65 and over, 4.5% died in the year following the interview and 21.6% were hospitalized, with a discharge rate of 348.4 per 1,000 population. Among those who were hospitalized and discharged alive, 17.3% were readmitted within 30 days after discharge. About one-quarter of the deceased died in the hospital (including 7.1% who died during a readmission stay).

Prevalence of incontinence among older americans.

Objective - This report presents national estimates of incontinence prevalence in the United States using data source-specific definitions of incontinence among persons aged 65 and over by sociodemographic characteristics during 2007-2010. Methods - Data are from the 2007-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the 2010 National Survey of Residential Care Facilities (NSRCF), the 2007 National Home and Hospice Care Survey (NHHCS), and the 2009 Long Term Care Minimum Data Set (MDS). Findings are based on in-home interviews with 2,625 noninstitutionalized respondents (NHANES) and reports provided by designated facility or agency staff members for 6,856 residential care facility (RCF) residents (NSRCF), 3,226 current home health care patients (NHHCS), 3,918 hospice discharges (NHHCS), and 2,416,705 nursing home residents (MDS). Response rates for incontinence questions were 84% among noninstitutionalized persons (NHANES), 98% among RCF residents and home health and hospice care patients (NSRCF and NHHCS), and 99% for nursing home residents (MDS). Results - This is the first report presenting national estimates on incontinence for subpopulations of older persons sampled in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics surveys and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' Long Term Care Minimum Data Set. Because a different definition of incontinence is used by each data collection system, it is not possible to make data comparisons between them or to summarize results across all surveys. Accordingly, only survey-specific results are presented. Including recent data from all of these data collection systems facilitates a multidimensional picture of incontinence, while underscoring the need for a standardized definition.

Comparability between the rates for all-listed inpatient procedures using National Hospital Discharge Survey and Medicare claims, 1999 and 2007.

OBJECTIVES: This report examines the comparability between the rates of inpatient procedures for persons aged 65 and over using the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) and Medicare claims data. METHODS: The estimates in this report are based on data from NHDS and Medicare claims submitted by hospital providers for inpatient stays among Part A fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and over. The discharge rates, selected procedures rates, and comparability ratios are reported for older men and women, by age and sex, for 1999 and 2007. RESULTS: Between 1999 and 2007, observed decreases in discharge rates and in all-listed procedure rates derived from NHDS were not significant, while Medicare discharge rates decreased and procedure rates increased significantly. In 1999 and 2007, no statistically significant differences were found between NHDS and Medicare estimates for discharge rates in the age-sex groups examined except for those aged 85 and over. In both years, the comparability ratios between Medicare and NHDS procedure rates were significantly different from one for about 50% of selected procedures, and ranged from 1.12 to 1.26 in 1999 and from 1.16 to 1.41 in 2007. This reflects more procedures recorded in 1999 and 2007 in Medicare data per discharge. The comparability ratio was higher for most of the cardiac procedures, and in general, was closer to one when fewer procedures were performed per discharge and for procedures with lower utilization rates.