ABSTRACT
Uniform quasi-one-dimensional integer spin compounds are of interest as a potential realization of the Haldane conjecture of a gapped spin liquid. This phase, however, has to compete with magnetic anisotropy and long-range ordered phases, the implementation of which depends on the ratio of interchain J' and intrachain J exchange interactions and both uniaxial D and rhombic E single-ion anisotropies. Strontium nickel selenite chloride, Sr2Ni(SeO3)2Cl2, is a spin-1 chain system which passes through a correlations regime at Tmax ~ 12 K to long-range order at TN = 6 K. Under external magnetic field it experiences the sequence of spin-flop at Bc1 = 9.0 T and spin-flip transitions Bc2 = 23.7 T prior to full saturation at Bsat = 31.0 T. Density functional theory provides values of the main exchange interactions and uniaxial anisotropy which corroborate the experimental findings. The values of J'/J = 0.083 and D/J = 0.357 place this compound into a hitherto unoccupied sector of the Sakai-Takahashi phase diagram.
ABSTRACT
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) follows an extremely variable clinical course with overall survival times ranging from months to decades. The clinical staging systems do not allow one to predict if and at what rate there will be disease progression in an individual patient diagnosed with early stage disease. There has been intensive work on clinical and biological factors of potential prognostic relevance that may add to the classic assessment provided by the staging systems. Among these are: Laboratory parameters reflecting the tumor burden or disease activity such as lymphocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) elevation, bone marrow infiltration pattern or lymphocyte doubling time (LDT), serum markers such as soluble CD23, beta2-microglobulin (beta2-MG) or thymidine kinase (TK), and genetic markers of tumor cells such as genomic aberrations, the mutation status of the variable segments of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes (VH), or surrogate markers for these factors (CD38, ZAP-70, LPL). Thirty patients were included in our study, the investigation included CD38 expression, ZAP-70 expression, and interphase Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) for the detection of trisomy 12, del 13q14.3, del 17p13, and del 11q22.3. Our results showed positive statistical significant correlation between ZAP-70 expression and CD38 expression with some of the chromosomal aberrations encompassing bad prognosis as ATM and p53. Also CD38 expression was positively correlated with trisomy 12 and p53 deletions. Chromosomal aberrations were found to be present in 76.6% of our patients with 13q deletion as the most frequent abnormality in our patients (46.7%), followed by trisomy 12 (36.7%), then ATM and p53 deletion (26.7%) each. Another interesting finding in our study is the fact that 100% of the ZAP-70 positive patients were of bad prognosis, 58.3% of the CD38 positive cases, 81.8% of the positive trisomy 12 cases, 100% of the ATM deletion, 62.5% of the p53 deletion, and 64.3% of the 13q- cases were also of bad prognosis, which indicates that ZAP-70, trisomy 12, and ATM deletion are powerful indicators of prognosis. We conclude that FISH for the detection of the most important chromosomal aberrations in CLL is an important laboratory parameter that is recommended for assessment and correlation with simultaneous evaluation of ZAP-70 and CD38 expression which could help in the prediction of outcome of CLL patients.
Subject(s)
ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/genetics , Chromosome Aberrations , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics , ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase/genetics , ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/blood , Aged , Female , Flow Cytometry , Humans , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/chemistry , Male , Middle Aged , Statistics, Nonparametric , ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase/blood , beta 2-Microglobulin/bloodABSTRACT
In vitro studies have suggested that targeting interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) can be used to regulate intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and potentially treat kidney inflammation. We therefore evaluated ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 regulation in knockout (KO) mice deficient in both IL-1 receptor 1 (R1) and TNF-R1 during renal ischemia reperfusion injury. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA expression was measured with specific murine probes and Northern blotting (n =4/group). Protein expression was measured using immunohistochemistry. Serum creatinine (SCr), tubular histology, and neutrophil infiltration into postischemic kidneys were also quantified. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA expression increased in both wild-type (WT) and KO mice at 2, 6, and 24 h. Protein expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 was also increased at 24 h postischemia. SCr levels and tubular necrosis scores were comparable in WT and KO mice at 24 and 48 h. Neutrophil migration in KO mice was decreased at 24 h but comparable to WT at 48 h. These data demonstrate that IL-1 and TNF are not essential for postischemic increases in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.
