ABSTRACT
This article reviews the pulmonary manifestations of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis (AAV). Its frequency in the different phenotypes of the disease, clinical manifestations and updated therapeutic recommendations are reviewed, aiming to alert the medical community about the existence of these diseases. We pretend to stimulate a timely suspicion, diagnostic precision, and the implementation of effective therapies, to reduce the eventual sequelae derived from a diagnostic omission or an inappropriate treatment for the different clinical scenarios in which these diseases appear.
Subject(s)
Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis , Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic , Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis/complications , Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis/diagnosis , Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis/drug therapy , Humans , LungABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: IgG4-related disease (IgG4 RD) is an immune-mediated fibro-inflammatory disorder, with tissue infiltration of IgG4+ plasma cells. It causes pseudotumors, tumors, and a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. AIM: To report the clinical, laboratory, histopathological and treatment characteristics of a group of Chilean patients with IgG4 RD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of medical records of 52 patients aged 18 to 76 years with IgG4 RD seen at six medical centers. RESULTS: Elevated IgG4 serum levels (> 135 mg/dl) were found in 18 of 44 (41%) patients. There was histological confirmation of the disease in 46 patients. The most common sites of involvement were lungs, eyes and kidneys. Eighteen (35%) patients had only one organ involved, 34 (65%) patients had two organs and 13 (25%) patients had three or more organs. The involvement of two organs was significantly more common in men (p < 0.05). In patients with only one organ involvement, the most frequent location was orbital and meningeal. All patients with kidney or lung disease had multiorgan involvement. All patients received corticosteroid therapy, 67% synthetic immunosuppressants, and 16% rituximab. CONCLUSIONS: ER-IgG4 can affect any tissue. Multiorgan involvement was more common in this series, with preference for lungs, eyes and kidneys. An excellent response to steroids is characteristic of the disease, but with a high relapse rate that requires additional immunosuppression.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy , Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease/diagnosis , Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease/drug therapy , Immunoglobulin G , Rituximab/therapeutic use , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Kidney/pathologyABSTRACT
This article reviews the pulmonary manifestations of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis (AAV). Its frequency in the different phenotypes of the disease, clinical manifestations and updated therapeutic recommendations are reviewed, aiming to alert the medical community about the existence of these diseases. We pretend to stimulate a timely suspicion, diagnostic precision, and the implementation of effective therapies, to reduce the eventual sequelae derived from a diagnostic omission or an inappropriate treatment for the different clinical scenarios in which these diseases appear.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic , Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis/complications , Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis/diagnosis , Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis/drug therapy , LungABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: IgG4-related disease (IgG4 RD) is an immune-mediated fibro-inflammatory disorder, with tissue infiltration of IgG4+ plasma cells. It causes pseudotumors, tumors, and a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. AIM: To report the clinical, laboratory, histopathological and treatment characteristics of a group of Chilean patients with IgG4 RD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of medical records of 52 patients aged 18 to 76 years with IgG4 RD seen at six medical centers. RESULTS: Elevated IgG4 serum levels (> 135 mg/dl) were found in 18 of 44 (41%) patients. There was histological confirmation of the disease in 46 patients. The most common sites of involvement were lungs, eyes and kidneys. Eighteen (35%) patients had only one organ involved, 34 (65%) patients had two organs and 13 (25%) patients had three or more organs. The involvement of two organs was significantly more common in men (p < 0.05). In patients with only one organ involvement, the most frequent location was orbital and meningeal. All patients with kidney or lung disease had multiorgan involvement. All patients received corticosteroid therapy, 67% synthetic immunosuppressants, and 16% rituximab. CONCLUSIONS: ER-IgG4 can affect any tissue. Multiorgan involvement was more common in this series, with preference for lungs, eyes and kidneys. An excellent response to steroids is characteristic of the disease, but with a high relapse rate that requires additional immunosuppression.
Subject(s)
Autoimmune Diseases , Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease , Male , Humans , Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease/diagnosis , Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease/drug therapy , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Immunoglobulin G , Rituximab/therapeutic use , Kidney/pathology , Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and serological patients characteristics with Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA) and Interstitial lung disease (ILD). METHODS: Of all the patients with AAV diagnosed between 2007-2017 at the Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, those with MPA and ILD were selected and studied retrospectively. RESULTS: All patients were Hispanic; median age at diagnosis 65 years (32-84). 59% were female. All were positive for p-ANCA, 16 patients for MPO. Most common manifestations were constitutional symptoms, weight loss and fever. CT-Scans patterns were Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) in 10 patients, Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP) in 6 and fibrosis not UIP or NSIP pattern in 1. In 6 cases, ILD was diagnosed 0.5-14 years before MPA and concomitantly in 11. CONCLUSIONS: Although infrequent, Microscopic Polyangiitis should be suspected in patients with ILD particularly if extra-pulmonary manifestations that rise the possibility of a systemic illness are present, regardless of the time elapsed between the latter and the diagnosis of this type of lung involvement. (Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2020; 37 (1): 37-42).
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic/blood , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/blood , Microscopic Polyangiitis/blood , Peroxidase/immunology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers/blood , Chile , Female , Humans , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnosis , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/immunology , Male , Microscopic Polyangiitis/diagnosis , Microscopic Polyangiitis/immunology , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Serologic Tests , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Currently, most liver units use the Child-Pugh (CP) or the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores to establish survival prognosis among patients with liver cirrhosis. Which classification is superior, is not well defined. AIM: To compare CP and MELD classification scores to predict survival among adult patients with liver cirrhosis in Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Follow-up of 137 consecutive adult patients with liver cirrhosis aged 59 ± 12 years (55% women). The diagnosis was reached by clinical, laboratory and image studies at three different centers of Santiago. Patients were staged with CP and MELD classification scores at baseline and followed over a period of 12 months. The predictive capacity of the scores for survival was analyzed using a multivariate statistical analysis (Kaplan-Meier curves). RESULTS: The most common etiology was alcohol (37.9%). The actuarial survival rate was 79.6% at 12 months of follow-up. When comparing groups with areas under curve of receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC), there was no statistically significant difference in survival between less severe and advanced disease, assessed with both survival scales. The AUROC for MELD and CP were 0.80 and 0.81, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This clinical study did not find a statistically significant difference between the two classifications for the prediction of 12 months survival in patients with cirrhosis.
Subject(s)
Liver Cirrhosis/mortality , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chile/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Liver Cirrhosis/etiology , Liver Cirrhosis/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , ROC Curve , Survival Analysis , Survival Rate , Young AdultABSTRACT
Background: Currently, most liver units use the Child-Pugh (CP) or the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores to establish survival prognosis among patients with liver cirrhosis. Which classification is superior, is not well defined. Aim: To compare CP and MELD classification scores to predict survival among adult patients with liver cirrhosis in Chile. Material and Methods: Follow-up of 137 consecutive adult patients with liver cirrhosis aged 59 ± 12 years (55% women). The diagnosis was reached by clinical, laboratory and image studies at three different centers of Santiago. Patients were staged with CP and MELD classification scores at baseline and followed over a period of 12 months. The predictive capacity of the scores for survival was analyzed using a multivariate statistical analysis (Kaplan-Meier curves). Results: The most common etiology was alcohol (37.9%). The actuarial survival rate was 79.6% at 12 months of follow-up. When comparing groups with areas under curve of receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC), there was no statistically significant difference in survival between less severe and advanced disease, assessed with both survival scales. The AUROC for MELD and CP were 0.80 and 0.81, respectively. Conclusions: This clinical study did not find a statistically significant difference between the two classifications for the prediction of 12 months survival in patients with cirrhosis.
