The synthesis of nanocarbon-poly(ricinoleic acid) composite as a lubricant additive with improved dispersity and anti-wear properties.

Herein, a nanocarbon-poly(ricinoleic acid) composite as a lubricant additive with excellent oil-solubility and dispersity was synthesized using nanocarbon spheres (CNSs) and ricinoleic acid via a "one-pot" approach. The prepared composite was characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Raman spectroscopy (Raman) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that there was no obvious aggregation after surface modification of CNSs. Results demonstrated that the dispersion stability of the composite anti-wear additive in base lubricating oil was significantly optimized. The prepared nanocarbon-poly(ricinoleic acid) composite showed significantly improved stability and dispersity in base lubricating oil for 3 months without obvious precipitation. Tribological tests indicated that the composite lubricant additive exhibited an improved anti-wear performance and better wear resistance than pure CNS additives. The friction coefficients with the composite anti-wear additive dropped from 0.052 to 0.027, which was reduced by 48.1% compared with that of the TMT base lubricating oil. Furthermore, the composite additive is desirable for efficient anti-wear properties in base lubricating oil. The synergistic effect between modified CNSs and poly(ricinoleic acid) significantly improved the wear resistance of the base oil.

(R)-2,2'-Bis(meth-oxy-meth-oxy)-1,1'-binaphth-yl.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(24)H(22)O(4), contains two independent mol-ecules in both of which the naphthalene ring systems adopts a transoid arrangement. The dihedral angles between the naphthalene ring system in the two mol-ecules are 83.0 (1) and 89.0 (1)°. There are slight differences in the C(H(3))-O-C(H(2))-O- torsion angles of the eqivalent meth-oxy-meth-oxy groups. In the crystal, weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds are present.

Ultrasound accelerated esterification of palmitic acid with vitamin C.

The esterification of palmitic acid with vitamin C in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid as the solvent and catalyst by means of 25 kHz ultrasonic irradiation to obtain l-ascorbyl 6-palmitate is studied. By using ultrasound the dissolution rate of the reactants can be accelerated greatly, the reaction time of esterification can be reduced from 36 to 2h, and better yield (90-93%) of ester can be given by using 95% concentrated sulfuric acid as the solvent and catalyst, contrast to the yield of 75-85% by using 99% concentrated sulfuric acid without ultrasound. The influence of reaction conditions and ultrasonic parameters to the yield of ascorbyl palmitate are reported.

Energy theory of drug and cooperation mechanism of energy for active ingredients of Chinese materia medica / 中草药

Energy theory of drug and cooperation mechanism of energy for active ingredients of Chinese materia medica (CMM) were put forward Concepts of "correlation energy of disease" and "synthetic Chinese formulated medicine" were given The third way: "simplicity→complexity" for modernization of CMM was proposed Science theory in Chinese formulated medicine was discussed by cooperation mechanism of energy for active ingredients which suggested that CMM be indispensable for recovery of some diseases With the aid of computing chemistry, molecular simulation, biology informatics and pharmacokinetics, it is possible to investigate and confirm correlation energy of different diseases and combinations of active ingredients of Chinese formulated medicines Problems of different producing areas, confusions of species and instability of CMM quality can be solved by returning from chemical synthetic drug to synthesize the Chinese formulated medicine