Genetic Mapping for Agronomic Traits in IAPAR 81/LP97-28 Population of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) under Drought Conditions.

One of the significant challenges of common bean breeding is developing cultivars with high yields under drought conditions. The present study attempted to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and identify molecular markers that are linked to drought tolerance in the common bean. We evaluated 160 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), derived from the cross between the carioca cultivars IAPAR 81 (drought tolerant) and LP97-28 (susceptible to drought). In 2014 and 2015, two experiments were conducted (DS-drought stress, and NS-no drought stress). In the DS experiment, water suppression was performed at the flowering stages R5 to R6. The results of our experiments showed that drought conditions play an essential role in reducing most of the traits that were evaluated. RILs under drought conditions reduced the grain yield by 62.03% and 24% in 2014 and 2015, respectively. We identified 15 quantitative trait loci distributed on the chromosomes Pv01, Pv02, Pv03, Pv07, Pv08, Pv09, Pv10, and Pv11, related to grain yield, seed yield per day, 100-seed weight, number of pods per plant, plant height, number of days for flowering, and number of days to maturity. The characteristics of seed yield per day, 100-seed weight, and number of days to maturity showed that QTLs colocalized on Pv07. Identifying QTLs that are linked to drought tolerance in the RIL population IAPAR 81 × LP97-28 is of particular importance for common bean breeding programs seeking to improve carioca beans that are cultivated in regions with drought conditions, such as Brazil.

Genome-Environment Association Analysis for Bio-Climatic Variables in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from Brazil.

Abiotic stress is a limiting factor for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production globally. The study of the genotypic, phenotypic, and bio-climatic variables in a broad set of accessions may assist the identification of genomic regions involved in the climatic adaptation of the common bean. We conducted a genotyping-by-sequencing analysis using 28,823 SNPs on 110 georeferenced common bean accessions from Brazil to discover associations between SNPs and bio-climatic indexes. The population structure analysis clustered the accessions into two groups corresponding to the Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools. Of the 19 bioclimatic variables, 17 exhibited a significant association with SNPs on chromosomes Pv01, Pv02, Pv03, Pv04, Pv06, Pv09, Pv10, and Pv11 of common bean. Ten candidate genes were associated with specific bio-climatic variables related to temperature and precipitation. The candidate genes associated with this significant Pv09 region encode a Platz transcription factor family protein previously reported to be an essential regulator of drought stress. The SNP markers and candidate genes associated with the bio-climatic variables should be validated in segregating populations for water stress, which could further be used for marker-assisted selection. As a result, bean breeding programs may be able to provide advances in obtaining drought-tolerant cultivars.

Fine mapping of an anthracnose-resistance locus in Andean common bean cultivar Amendoim Cavalo.

Anthracnose, caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, is one of the world's most destructive diseases of common bean. The use of resistant cultivars is the most cost-effective strategy to manage this disease; however, durable resistance is difficult to achieve due to the vast virulence diversity of the anthracnose pathogen. Finding new genes with broad-spectrum resistance increases the prospect of designing an effective anthracnose-management strategy. Genetic analysis confirmed the presence of a single, dominant anthracnose-resistance locus in AC, which we provisionally named Co-AC. Bulk segregant analysis and genetic mapping of two F2 populations from the crosses AC × PI207262 and AC × G 2333 were used to determine the position of the Co-AC locus in a 631 Kbp genomic region flanked by the SNP markers SS56 and SS92 on the lower arm of chromosome Pv01. By genotyping 77 F3 plants from the AC × PI207262 cross using nine additional markers, we fine-mapped the Co-AC locus to a significantly smaller genomic region (9.4 Kbp) flanked by the SNP markers SS102 and SS165. This 9.4 Kbp region harbors three predicted genes based on the common bean reference genome, notably including the gene model Phvul.001G244300, which encodes Clathrin heavy chain 1, a protein that supports specific stomatal regulation functions and might play a role in plant defense signaling. Because the Co-AC resistance locus is linked in cis, it can be selected with great efficiency using molecular markers. These results will be very useful for breeding programs aimed at developing bean cultivars with anthracnose resistance using marker-assisted selection. This study revealed the broad-spectrum resistance of AC to C. lindemuthianum and the existence of the Co-AC anthracnose-resistance locus. Fine mapping positioned this locus in a small genomic region on the lower end of chromosome Pv01 that contained three candidate genes for the Co-AC locus.

Isoenzyme genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of oxacillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus isolates

Aim: The propagation of S. aureus in hospital and dental environments is considered an important public health problem since resistant strains can cause serious infections in humans. The genetic variability of 99 oxacillin-resistant S. aureus isolates (ORSA) from the dental patients (oral cavity) and environments (air) was studied by isoenzyme genotyping. Methods: S. aureus isolates were studied using isoenzyme markers (alcohol dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glucose dehydrogenase, D-galactose dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, catalase and α/ß-esterase) and genetic (Nei's statistics) and cluster analysis (UPGMA algorithm). Results: A highly frequent polyclonal pattern was observed in this population of ORSA isolates, suggesting various sources of contamination or microbial dispersion. Genetic relationship analysis showed a high degree of polymorphism between the strains, and it revealed three taxa (A, B and C) distantly genetically related (0.653≤dij≤1.432) and fifteen clusters (I to XV) moderately related (0.282≤dij<0.653). These clusters harbored two or more highly related strains (0≤dij<0.282), and the existence of microevolutionary processes in the population of ORSA. Conclusion: This research reinforces the hypothesis of the existence of several sources of contamination and/or dispersal of ORSA of clinical and epidemiologically importance, which could be associated with carriers (patients) and dental environmental (air) (AU)

Utilização do aparelho de Bimler Classe III, aparelho Planas Composto modificados e placa expansora, para o restabelecimento das cabeças mandibulares na cavidade articular / Use of the Class III Bimler appliance, modified Planas Composite appliance and expansion plate, for the restoration of the mandibular heads in the joint cavity

As desordens do sistema mastigatório incluem qualquer desarmonia que ocorra nas relações funcionais das articulações temporomandibulares dos músculos buco faciais, dos músculos mastigadores e dos suprimentos vasculares e nervosos desses tecidos. A dor...(AU)

Investigação de leveduras, pseudomonas aeruginosa e bactérias heterotróficas nas águas dos reservatórios nos equipos odontológicos que passam pelas seringas tríplices e utilizadas em pacientes sob tratamento periodontal

Este trabalho tem como objetivo a pesquisa de leveduras, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e bactérias heterotróficas, nas águas dos equipos odontológicos que passam pelas seringas tríplices e utilizadas em pacientes sob tratamentoperiodontal. Foram estudadas 49 amostras de água que passam pelas seringas tríplices e 49 pacientes adultos, de ambos os sexos, entre 20 e 72 anos, em uma clínica odontológica na região de Campinas-SP. Dos pacientes foram colhidas amostras da mucosa jugal, antes e depois do tratamento periodontal, para pesquisa de leveduras. Estas amostras foram semeadas em placas contendo ágar Sabouraud û dextrose com 200µg/mL de cloranfenicol emantidas em estufa a 37ºC por 7 dias. Para pesquisa de leveduras, Pseudomonas aerugisona e bactérias heterotróficas nas águas que passam pelas seringas tríplices foi utilizada a metodologia ecomendada ôStandardMethods for Examination of Water and Wastewaterõ utilizando as técnicas: ôPour Plateõ para contagem de bactérias heterotróficas em ágar R2A a 35ºCpor 72h; membrana filtrante para leveduras em ágar Sabouraud û dextrose com 200µg/mL de cloranfenicol, 25º C por 7 dias e Pseudomonas aeruginosa em ágar Cetrimide 35ºC por 48h. Leveduras e Pseudomonas aeruginosa nãoforam isoladas nas 49 amostras de águas que passam pelas seringas tríplices, mas a contagem de bactérias heterotróficas estava acima de 3.000 UFC/mLem 100% das amostras de água. As leveduras foram isoladas em 24,48% (12/49) dos pacientes. Candida albicans foi isolada em 50% (6/12), antes e após o tratamento. Vinte e cinco por cento (3/12) dos pacientes apresentaramC. albicans antes do tratamento e 8,33% (1/12) apresentou C. albicans depois do tratamento. Candida parapsilosis e Candida krusei foram isoladas antes do tratamento e C. albicans depois do tratamento em 8,33% (1/12). C. albicansantes do tratamento e Candida glabrata depois do tratamento em 8,33% (1/12). Neste estudo,...

Investigação de leveduras, pseudomonas aeruginosa e bactérias heterotróficas nas águas dos reservatórios nos equipos odontológicos que passam pelas seringas tríplices e utilizadas em pacientes sob tratamento periodontal / Investigation of yeasts, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and heterothrophic bacteria in waters of dental unit that pass into hand pieces and are been used in periodontic treatment patients

Este trabalho tem como objetivo a pesquisa de leveduras, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e bactérias heterotróficas, nas águas dos equipos odontológicos que passam pelas seringas tríplices e utilizadas em pacientes sob tratamentoperiodontal. Foram estudadas 49 amostras de água que passam pelas seringas tríplices e 49 pacientes adultos, de ambos os sexos, entre 20 e 72 anos, em uma clínica odontológica na região de Campinas-SP. Dos pacientes foramcolhidas amostras da mucosa jugal, antes e depois do tratamento periodontal, para pesquisa de leveduras. Estas amostras foram semeadas em placas contendo ágar Sabouraud – dextrose com 200µg/mL de cloranfenicol emantidas em estufa a 37°C por 7 dias. Para pesquisa de leveduras, Pseudomonas aerugisona e bactérias heterotróficas nas águas que passam pelas seringas tríplices foi utilizada a metodologia ecomendada “StandardMethods for Examination of Water and Wastewater” utilizando as técnicas: “Pour Plate” para contagem de bactérias heterotróficas em ágar R2A a 35°Cpor 72h; membrana filtrante para leveduras em ágar Sabouraud – dextrose com 200µg/mL de cloranfenicol, 25° C por 7 dias e Pseudomonas aeruginosa em ágar Cetrimide 35°C por 48h. Leveduras e Pseudomonas aeruginosa nãoforam isoladas nas 49 amostras de águas que passam pelas seringas tríplices, mas a contagem de bactérias heterotróficas estava acima de 3.000 UFC/mLem 100% das amostras de água. As leveduras foram isoladas em 24,48% (12/49) dos pacientes. Candida albicans foi isolada em 50% (6/12), antes e após o tratamento. Vinte e cinco por cento (3/12) dos pacientes apresentaramC. albicans antes do tratamento e 8,33% (1/12) apresentou C. albicans depois do tratamento. Candida parapsilosis e Candida krusei foram isoladas antes do tratamento e C. albicans depois do tratamento em 8,33% (1/12). C. albicansantes do tratamento e Candida glabrata depois do tratamento em 8,33% (1/12). Neste estudo, a presença de leveduras na mucosa bucal dos pacientes nãoestava relacionada com os microrganismos presentes na água