ABSTRACT
With the rise in concern about GMOs and pesticides on human health, we have utilized Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism for understanding the effects of Roundup-Ready® GMO diets on health. We recorded dietary behavior during and after exposure to a medium containing GMO or non-GMO corn, Roundup® in organic corn medium, and sucrose with or without one of the two Roundup® formulations. No differences in behavior were observed when Drosophila were exposed to a medium containing Roundup-Ready® GMO or non-GMO corn. Drosophila can detect and refrain from eating sucrose containing one Roundup® formulation, Ready-to-Use, which contains pelargonic acid in addition to glyphosate as an active ingredient. Drosophila exhibited dose-dependent increased consumption of sucrose alone after exposure to a medium containing either Roundup® formulation. This may indicate that flies eating a medium with Roundup® eat less and were thus hungrier when then given sucrose solution; that a medium with Roundup® is more difficult to digest; or that a medium with Roundup® is less nutritious, as would be the case if nutritionally important microbes grew on control medium, but not one containing Roundup®.
ABSTRACT
Genetically modified foods have become pervasive in diets of people living in the US. By far the most common genetically modified foods either tolerate herbicide application (HT) or produce endogenous insecticide (Bt). To determine whether these toxicological effects result from genetic modification per se, or from the increase in herbicide or insecticide residues present on the food, we exposed fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, to food containing HT corn that had been sprayed with the glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup®, HT corn that had not been sprayed with Roundup®, or Roundup® in a variety of known glyphosate concentrations and formulations. While neither lifespan nor reproductive behaviors were affected by HT corn, addition of Roundup® increased mortality with an LC50 of 7.1 g/L for males and 11.4 g/L for females after 2 days of exposure. Given the many genetic tools available, Drosophila are an excellent model system for future studies about genetic and biochemical mechanisms of glyphosate toxicity.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the impact in survival, when repair is seen as failure or not, in anterior composite restorations with a retrospective 15-year follow-up study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data was collected from patients' files of a private dental practice, including patients with direct composite restorations placed in anterior teeth (class III, class IV, or veneer) between January 1994 and December 2009. Data were analyzed considering or not repair as failure. Statistical analysis was performed with log rank test, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox regression (p < .05). RESULTS: One hundred forty-four patients' files were included, with 634 restorations. At 15 years, Class III / IV restorations showed 69% survival and 2.4% annual failure rate (AFR) when repair was not considered as failure, and 64% and 2.9% AFR, respectively, when repair was seen as failure. For direct veneers, at 5 and 10 years of follow-up, survival dropped from 85% to 74% and from 52% to 38% respectively, when repair was considered as failure. In general, restorations placed in the upper jaw showed increased risk for failure compared to the lower jaw (p < .01), and restorations in central incisors presented a higher risk for failure compared to canines (p < .01). CONCLUSION: Composite repair seems a suitable alternative for class III, class IV, and veneer restorations since it was able to increase the survival of restorations performed in anterior teeth. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Composite repair for anterior restorations is a suitable restorative treatment option and presents benefits over replacement, including the preservation of sound tooth structures, reduced clinical chair time, and patient anxiety.
Subject(s)
Composite Resins , Dental Restoration Failure , Dental Restoration, Permanent , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the influence of specific maternal-factors on caries prevalence in offspring. This cross sectional study was conducted in Pelotas, Brazil nested in a cohort of adolescent mothers with children aged 24-42 months. A questionnaire was administered to collect information in relationship to socio-economic, demographic, and behavioral maternal variables. The outcome (children's dental caries prevalence - dmfs > 0) was collected from clinical examinations. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. A total of 538 mother/child dyads were evaluated and 15.1% of the children exhibited caries. Adjusted multivariate analysis showed children from mothers living without partners (p < 0.027) had more caries than those living with partners. Maternal perception of a child's oral health was associated to occurrence of caries, particularly when mothers classified their child as poor and these children had a higher level of caries. In addition, mothers accurately evaluated their child's teeth when associated with caries occurrence. Maternal oral health care practices were associated with children's caries prevalence. Our results demonstrated mothers accurately evaluated the oral health of their offspring.
Subject(s)
Child Care/methods , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Maternal Behavior , Adolescent , Age Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Child, Preschool , Dental Care/methods , Epidemiologic Methods , Female , Humans , Male , Maternal Age , Mother-Child Relations , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Abstract This study aimed to investigate the influence of specific maternal-factors on caries prevalence in offspring. This cross sectional study was conducted in Pelotas, Brazil nested in a cohort of adolescent mothers with children aged 24-42 months. A questionnaire was administered to collect information in relationship to socio-economic, demographic, and behavioral maternal variables. The outcome (children's dental caries prevalence - dmfs > 0) was collected from clinical examinations. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. A total of 538 mother/child dyads were evaluated and 15.1% of the children exhibited caries. Adjusted multivariate analysis showed children from mothers living without partners (p < 0.027) had more caries than those living with partners. Maternal perception of a child's oral health was associated to occurrence of caries, particularly when mothers classified their child as poor and these children had a higher level of caries. In addition, mothers accurately evaluated their child's teeth when associated with caries occurrence. Maternal oral health care practices were associated with children's caries prevalence. Our results demonstrated mothers accurately evaluated the oral health of their offspring.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Child Care/methods , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Maternal Behavior , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Age Factors , Dental Care/methods , Maternal Age , Mother-Child RelationsABSTRACT
Esta é a planilha de objetivos, metas, indicadores e ações para a Saúde bucal de escolares, desenvolvida no âmbito do curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família da UFPel - modalidade à distância.
Subject(s)
Public Health , Family Health , Primary Health Care , Oral Health , Child HealthABSTRACT
Esta é a planilha de coleta de dados para a Saúde Bucal no Pré-natal, desenvolvida no âmbito do curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família da UFPel - modalidade à distância.
Subject(s)
Public Health , Family Health , Primary Health Care , Women's Health , Oral HealthABSTRACT
Esta é a planilha de coleta de dados para a Saúde Bucal do Idoso, desenvolvida no âmbito do curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família da UFPel - modalidade à distância.
Subject(s)
Public Health , Family Health , Primary Health Care , Oral Health , Health of the ElderlyABSTRACT
Esta é a planilha de coleta de dados para a Saúde Bucal da Criança, desenvolvida no âmbito do curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família da UFPel - modalidade à distância.
Subject(s)
Public Health , Family Health , Primary Health Care , Oral Health , Child HealthABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the influence of two resin cements on microleakage of ceromer inlays. Methods: Twenty recently extracted human third molars were selected. Standard inlay mesio-occluso-distal cavities were prepared, with cervical margin in enamel (mesial) or dentin (distal). The specimens were randomly divided into two groups (n=10) and indirect restorations were made with Belleglass HP system (Kerr, Romulus, MI, USA). The cavities in the first group were treated with adhesive system Single Bond and restorations were cemented with dual curing cement RelyX ARC (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA). In the second group, the ED Primer (Kuraray, Tokyo, Japan) was applied and indirect restorations were cemented with Panavia 21 EX (Kuraray, Tokyo, Japan). The specimens were coated with varnish, except for the restorations and 1 mm around them and submitted to thermal cycling and then immersed in 2% basic fuchsine solution for 24 hours. Teeth were sectioned longitudinally and leakage scores were evaluated using a stereomicroscope at 40x magnification. Data were submitted to statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney test). Results: Enamel showed lower dye penetration than dentin (p<0.05). Statistical difference between cements was only observed in enamel, with RelyX exhibiting less leakage (p<0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, the substrate had a significant effect for sealing ability and RelyX ARC performed better than Panavia 21 EX only in enamel.
Objetivo: Avaliar a influência de dois cimentos resinosos sobre a microinfiltração de inlays de cerômero. Métodos: Vinte coroas de terceiros molars recentemente extraídos foram selecionadas.Cavidades do tipo Inlay padronizadas foram preparadas com a margem cervical em esmalte (mesial) ou dentina (distal). Os espécimes foram randomicamente distribuídos em dois grupos (n=10) e restaurações indiretas foram confeccionadas com o sistema Belleglass HP (Kerr, Romulus, MI, EUA). As cavidades do primeiro grupo foram tratadas com sistema adesivo Single Bond (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) e as restaurações foram cimentadas com um cimento resinoso de cura dual (RelyX ARC, (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, EUA).No segundo grupo, ED Primer(Kuraray, Tokio, Japão)foi aplicado e as restaurações indiretas foram cimentadas com Panavia 21 EX (Kuraray, Tokio, Japão). Os espécimes foram pintados com verniz, exceto as restaurações e em torno de 1mm em volta destas,sendo então submetidos à termociclagem e imersos em solução de fucsina básica a 2% por 24 horas. Os dentes foram seccionados longitudinalmente e os escores de infiltração foram avaliados utilizando-se um estereomicroscópio com aumento de 40x. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística (teste de Mann-Whitney). Resultados: O esmalte apresentou menor infiltração de corante que a dentina (p<0.05). Diferenças estatística entre cimentos foram observadas apenas em esmalte, com o cimento RelyX ARC exibindo menor infiltração (p<0.05).Conclusão: Dentro das limitações deste estudo, observou-se que o substrato dentário apresentou um efeito significante para o selamento cavitário e o cimento RelyX ARC mostrou-se melhor que o Panavia 21 EX apenas em esmalte.
Subject(s)
Resin Cements , Dental Leakage , Composite Resins , InlaysABSTRACT
O presente trabalho avaliou a solubilidade do cimento de ionômero de vidro quimicamente ativado Vidrion R® -SS White- (VR) e do reforçado com partículas resinosas Vitremer® -3M- (VT) submetidos ao tratamento com diferentes substâncias clareadoras, empregando o fosfato de zinco como controle. Os agentes clareadores utilizados foram o peróxido de carbamida (PC) e uma pasta composta por perborato de sódio + peróxido de hidrogênio (PP), ambos a 37 por cento. Também foi avaliada a influência do tempo decorrido desde o preparo do corpo-de-prova até o momento de aplicação do clareador (se o mesmo for utilizado imediatamente após a restauração ou 24 horas depois). Foram confeccionados, com matriz padronizada, 70 corpos de prova divididos em 10 grupos (n=7) sendo que nos grupos ímpares os materiais foram utilizados imediatamente após o preparo dos corpos-de-prova e nos pares, 24 horas depois. Previamente à imersão nos clareadores, os corpos de prova foram lavados em água Mili Q, enxaguados e secos a uma temperatura média de 50oC durante 30 minutos até a obtenção do peso constante. Após, foram pesados em Balança Analítica de Precisão GEHAR A6-200 e imersos nos agentes clareadores sendo novamente lavados, secos e pesados no período de 21 dias, tempo final do experimento. Os resultados foram analisados através do teste de Kruskal-Wallis (ñ<1 por cento). De acordo com a metodologia empregada, foi possível verificar que o Vitremer demonstrou ser menos solúvel aos agentes clareadores quando comparado ao Vidrion R. Quando comparado com o Fosfato de zinco nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significante foi encontrada.
Subject(s)
Glass Ionomer Cements , Tooth Bleaching , Dental Materials , SolubilityABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pulp response to direct capping with self-etching adhesive systems using sodium hypochlorite as a hemostatic agent. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Twenty-six human third molars scheduled for extraction were selected from undergraduate students of dentistry. Class I cavities with pulp exposures were performed. To control bleeding, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite was used for 20 seconds, followed by washing with saline solution. The pulp exposures were capped with calcium hydroxide (n = 10) or adhesive system (n = 16). All cavities were restored with adhesive system and composite resin. Half of the samples of each capping material were extracted after 30 days and the remaining after 90 days. The samples were prepared for histological analysis (hematoxylin-eosin) and bacterial detection (Brown & Hopps) and evaluated according to standard ranking. Data were submitted to statistical analysis (Mann-Whitney test). RESULTS: There was a significant difference (P <.05) only in relation to dentin barrier formation. Pulps dressed with calcium hydroxide showed dentin barrier formation in all specimens, obliterating the exposure site. No inflammatory response was associated with material. In the experimental group, after 30 days, there was an attempt for healing with reparative dentin deposition, presenting a mild to moderate inflammatory infiltrate. Similar findings were found after 90 days, decreasing the inflammatory response. Bacteria were not detected in any specimen evaluated. Sodium hypochlorite was effective for hemostatic control. CONCLUSION: Calcium hydroxide produced better biological performance than the self-etching adhesive, and sodium hypochlorite did not interfere with the pulp repair.
Subject(s)
Dental Pulp Capping/methods , Dental Pulp/drug effects , Oxidants/pharmacology , Sodium Hypochlorite/pharmacology , Calcium Hydroxide/pharmacology , Hemostasis, Surgical/methods , Humans , Resin Cements/pharmacology , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
O propósito do presente estudo foi avaliar, in vitro, a profundidade de desmineralização, após o condicionamento do esmalte, com soluções de ácido fosfórico, em diversas concentrações e tempos de aplicação. Foram utilizados 40 dentes incisivos humanos, cujas faces vestibulares foram planificadas e fixadas em suportes de madeira apropiados. Foram empregados quatro grupos de 10 dentes, com as seguintes concentrações e tempos de aplicação:ácido fósforico 10 por cento/2min (grupo B), ácido fósforico 30 por cento/1min (grupo C) e ácido fosfórico 40 por cento 1 min (grupo D). Após lavagem e secagem foi aplicado, sobre as superfícies codicionadas, resina fluída misturada previamente com tinta acrílica colorida para maior contraste e melhor mensuração das penetrações. Os dentes foram seccionados em micrótomo gerando fatias de 50 µm espessura. A observação e mensuração foram realizadas com auxílio de uma ocular micrométrica. Para melhor verificar a intensidade do ataque ácido, foram elaborados fotomicrografias e gráficos de perfil das superfícies de esmalte através de MEV. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística, através da Análise de Variância e teste auxiliar de Tukey, verificando-se que o ácido no grupo D (17,50 µm) produziu uma descalcificação estatisticamente maior (p>0,05) que no grupo A (9,50 µm), e no grupo C (12,50 µm). O grupo B (16,50 µm) foi estatisticamente similar aos grupos D e C, sendo a descalsificação maior (p>0,05) que aquela do grupo A. Os grupos A e C apresentaram valores similares na descalsificação. Conclui-se, que a concentração e o tempo de aplicação influenciaram ma profundidade de descalcificação
Subject(s)
Dental Enamel , Phosphoric Acids/therapeutic use , Acid Etching, Dental , Tooth Demineralization , In Vitro TechniquesABSTRACT
Atualmente, apesar do desenvolvimento dos meios de promoçäo de saúde, existe a necessidade de se realizar procedimentos restauradores em dentes que, por algum motivo (cárie, trauma, alteraçäo morfológica), perderam sua forma original e necessitam ser reparados. Para isso torna-se necessária a utilizaçäo de brocas, caneta de alta e baixa rotaçäo, materiais restauradores, além dos novos métodos de remoçäo de tecido dentário, como laser, preparo químico mecânico, abrasäo a ar, ultra-som e enzimas que, se utilizados de forma incorreta, podem agredir o complexo dentino-pulpar, provocando lesöes que variam de leve a severa e, em alguns casos, até mesmo necrose pulpar. O objetivo deste trabalho é revisar os fatores físicos, químicos e mecânicos que estäo envolvidos nos procedimentos do preparo cavitário, que podem injuriar o complexo dentino-pulpar, sugerindo formas de amenizar ou evitar tais agressöes
