ABSTRACT
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of primary dentition malocclusion and its linked risk indicators among a group of Saudi preschool children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on preschool children aged 3 to 5 years residing in Riyadh City, the capital of Saudi Arabia. The study sample included 709 Saudi children of both genders with complete primary dentition. Oral examination was conducted for children to assess the anteroposterior, transverse, and vertical dimensions, arch spacings, and oral habits. Results: The prevalence of malocclusion was 59.1% among the study participants. A deep overbite and increased overjet were found in 26.23 % and 25.11%, respectively. Arch space problems were reported, including missing primate spaces in 24.12%, missing developmental spacing in 27.93%, and crowding in 14.1%. An association between mothers aged 25 years and younger at childbirth was linked with their child's malocclusion in the primary dentition (p-value of 0.03). Conclusion: The prevalence of primary dentition malocclusion among a specific group of Saudi preschool children was significantly high. Increased overbite and overjet were the most prevalent occlusal discrepancies, followed by arch spacing problems. The younger mother's age at childbirth is significantly associated with her child's malocclusion. The study results can serve as a baseline for future investigations.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To compare the nanoleakage between bulkfill and incremental-fill resin composites in class II slot preparations for primary and permanent teeth restored by the snowplow technique. Materials and Methods: Class II slots were prepared in 32 M (16 exfoliated/extracted primary and 16 permanent molars). Optibond All-InOne self-etching adhesive was applied and cured. A flowable composite, Premise, was then injected into the gingival seat without curing using the snowplow technique. Cavities were restored using Sonicfill/bulkfill or microhybrid Herculite composites. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry was used to assess nanoleakage as silver deposition percentages along the axial and cervical walls. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to assess the effect of tooth type (primary and permanent teeth) and placement technique (bulkfill and incremental techniques) on nanoleakage at the axial and cervical walls. Results: Bulkfill restorations had significantly greater nanoleakage than incremental restorations at the cervical walls in primary and permanent molars (mean = 1.21 vs 0.49 in primary molars and 0.76 vs 0.24 in permanent molars). Equivalent results were observed at the axial walls of the restorations (mean = 0.66 vs 0.14 in primary molars and 0.28 vs 0.08 in permanent molars, with a P value of<0.001). Conclusions: Less nanoleakage was observed in class II slot/snowplow resin-composite restorations using the incremental technique compared to bulkfill in both dentitions. However, greater nanoleakage was detected on the cervical walls when compared with the axial walls.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Supernumerary teeth are considered one of the commonly observed dental anomalies in children. Several theories have been proposed to explain the presence of supernumerary teeth, including environmental and genetic factors. This study aimed to identify the different risk factors and molecular biomarkers in patients presented with supernumerary teeth. METHODS: This case-control study included 240 children, 6 to 12-year-old. They were divided into a test group (n = 120 children presented with supernumerary teeth) and a control group (n = 120 children with no supernumerary teeth). Questionnaires were distributed to assess demographics and exposure to several environmental factors. Ten extracted supernumerary teeth from the test group were processed for histopathological analysis. RESULTS: Male gender, dental history of severe oral infection or medical history of chemotherapy treatment, previous history of taking medication or illness during pregnancy, family history of neoplastic disorders, use of electronic devices, and living beside agricultural fields or industrial areas were found to be statistically significant associated with the risk of supernumerary teeth development. Immunohistochemistry panel revealed that supernumerary teeth showed enhanced expression of wingless (Wnt) and sonic hedgehog (SHH) proteins as well as a reduced expression of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein, denoting molecular derangement in a group of pathways classically believed to be involved in its pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: Males were more frequently affected by supernumerary teeth than females. Several risk factors were notably correlated with the existence of supernumerary teeth. Additionally, molecular biomarkers assessment demonstrated a high expression level of pro-tumorigenic proteins such as Wnt and SHH in patients with supernumerary teeth.
Subject(s)
Tooth, Supernumerary , Biomarkers , Case-Control Studies , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Risk Factors , Tooth, Supernumerary/geneticsABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess: (1) oral health knowledge and practices of pediatricians and pediatrics residents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; (2) their adherence to American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines for caries-risk assess- ment and anticipatory guidance; and (3) the barriers that prevent their adherence to these guidelines.
Methods: Participants completed a questionnaire comprised of three sections: (1) demographic and professional characteristics; (2) oral health knowledge and practices; and (3) adherence to AAP oral health guidelines and barriers against adherence. The association between knowledge and practices scores and demographic and profes- sional characteristics was assessed using Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests.
Results: One-third of 1,261 pediatricians and pediatrics residents returned complete questionnaires. The mean±(standard deviation [SD]) knowledge score was 5.0±2.4 (out of 12), and the mean±(SD) practice score was 13.4±5.4 (out of 26). Only 8.3 percent reported following the AAP oral health guidelines, and the barriers against this included lack of awareness (60.9 percent), inadequate training on oral health (28.1 percent), and lack of time (21.6 percent).
Conclusion: Most pediatricians and pediatrics residents in Riyadh had inadequate oral health knowledge and practices as well as poor adherence to the AAP guidelines. Unfamiliarity with the guidelines was reported to be the main barrier against following them. (J Dent Child 2019;86(1):10-6)
Received November 1, 2018; Last Revision November 23, 2018; Accepted November 27, 2018.
