ABSTRACT
Copper is an indispensable trace element for life. Four points are fundamental: copper is combined with essential enzymatic systems (oxidases, transaminases), copper is necessary for inclusion of iron in the molecule of hemoglobin, copper has a primordial role in the metabolism of molecule of hemoglobin, copper has a primordial role in the metabolism of collagen and elastin and some vascular diseases (aneurysms) are closely related to its lack, finally, there is an increase of plasmatic copper during cancerous diseases, which is significant even at an early time and usually proportional to the evolution.
Subject(s)
Copper/physiology , Anemia, Hypochromic/etiology , Animals , Collagen/metabolism , Copper/blood , Copper/deficiency , Copper/metabolism , Elastin/metabolism , Hepatolenticular Degeneration/metabolism , Humans , Menkes Kinky Hair Syndrome/metabolism , Mice , Neoplasms/blood , Rabbits , Zinc/physiologySubject(s)
Ileal Diseases/drug therapy , Intestinal Obstruction/drug therapy , Ischemia/drug therapy , Superoxide Dismutase/therapeutic use , Surgical Flaps , Abdominal Muscles , Adipose Tissue/surgery , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Intestinal Obstruction/physiopathology , Intraoperative Care , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Oxygen in absolutely necessary to life but it is also a toxic gas. 1 to 2% of molecular oxygen undergoes an univalent reduction which produces very reactive and very cytotoxic species. Against them there are different protector antioxidant systems, called scavengers. Pathologically four points are fundamental: Free radicals have a main role in inflammation and fight against bacteria. In carcinogenesis, they have a key role in promotion. The cellular ageing appears to be imputable to a defect of the scavengers. Reflow following ischemia involves toxic free radicals. To prevent the tissue injury due to reperfusion pre treatment by SOD, catalase, allopurinol are at their beginning but the first results are hopeful for skin, kidney, heart and pancreas.
Subject(s)
Free Radicals , Oxygen/metabolism , Animals , Antioxidants , Bacterial Infections/physiopathology , Cell Survival , Humans , Inflammation/physiopathology , Ischemia/physiopathology , Oxidation-Reduction , Oxygen Consumption , Peroxidases/metabolism , Peroxides/metabolism , Photochemistry , Singlet Oxygen , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Superoxides/metabolismABSTRACT
The authors report 8 cases of primitive neonatal gastric perforation and try to define different etiologies. Mechanisms are varied. According to clinical context, intra-operative macroscopic aspect and histology, vascular, metabolic and mechanical processes are evoked. Each etiological theory is based upon animal experimentation and clinical experience. Actually, different factors are implicated. Latest progress in intensive care has considerably improved prognosis but it is however still serious.
