ABSTRACT
We report about Austrian physicians who made major contributions to the scientific research of skeletal disorders. They include pathologists, radiologists, clinicians, pediatricians and surgeons. We present a short biography as well as a brief discussion of their major papers.
Subject(s)
Bone Diseases/history , Austria , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , HumansABSTRACT
Skeletal changes in deficient or badly balanced nutrition (alimentary osteopathies) and osseous changes accompanying chronic disease of internal organs and metabolic disorders (metabolic osteopathies) are discussed. Basically, the classical generalised skeletal changes such as osteoporosis, osteomalacia, fibroosteoclacia and sclerosis of the bone can occur in their pure form or as a combination of two ore more of these disorders. Finally the exogenic toxic osteopathies are discussed, nowadays fluorosis being the most important. Other external factors may be drugs such as methotrexate and antiepileptic medications.
Subject(s)
Bone Diseases, Metabolic/diagnostic imaging , Bone Diseases/chemically induced , Nutrition Disorders/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Anticonvulsants/adverse effects , Ascorbic Acid Deficiency/diagnostic imaging , Avitaminosis/diagnostic imaging , Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging , Digestive System Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Fluorides/adverse effects , Humans , Obesity/diagnostic imaging , Osteomalacia/diagnostic imaging , Osteoporosis/diagnostic imaging , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/diagnostic imaging , Radiography , Starvation/diagnostic imaging , Steroids/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Among the group of seronegative spondarthritides psoriatic osteoarthropathy can be differentiated from rheumatoid arthritis as a separate disease with generalized osseous proliferation. 33 cases were evaluated and clinical data, X-ray films and nuclear bone scans were compared. Pathological alterations in the bone structure can be found by bone scintigraphy already at very early, even subclinical stages of the disease, thus allowing early diagnosis. In a high percentage of our cases pathological alterations could be demonstrated by scintigraphy long before they were revealed on X-ray films. Scintigraphic methods may help to evaluate the activity of the disease. Furthermore, in many of our cases, localization and concentration of the tracer in the skeleton were so typical, that they may be considered pathognomonic for psoriatic osteoarthropathy. Thus bone scanning appears to be a useful tool for the diagnostic evaluation and follow up in cases of psoriatic arthropathy, in particular if the low exposure to radiation is taken into account.
Subject(s)
Osteoarthritis/diagnosis , Psoriasis/complications , Adult , Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Osteoarthritis/diagnostic imaging , Osteoarthritis/etiology , Radiography , Radionuclide ImagingSubject(s)
Colonic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Rectal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Colitis, Ulcerative/complications , Colon/radiation effects , Colonic Neoplasms/etiology , Crohn Disease/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Diverticulum/diagnosis , Humans , Intestinal Polyps/diagnosis , Lipoma/diagnosis , Neuroma/diagnosis , Proctoscopy , RadiographySubject(s)
Angiography , Kidney Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Kidney Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Renal Artery/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Hydronephrosis/diagnostic imaging , Infant , Kidney/abnormalities , Kidney/injuries , Kidney Diseases, Cystic/diagnostic imaging , Male , Wilms Tumor/diagnostic imagingSubject(s)
Esophageal Stenosis/congenital , Adult , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Esophageal Stenosis/surgery , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Diverticulosis is one of the most common diseases of the colon. Its importance arises from complications. In countries of the Western hemisphere the incidence is 10-20% beyond the age of 50. Among the natives of Africa and South-Eastern Asia it is practically unknown. It is suggested that the disease is caused by low residue diet, modern living conditions. and constitutional disorders. 500 barium enemas revealed 13,4% patients with diverticula including a 5-year-old child and a 32-year-old woman. The incidence of diverticulosis among patients over 40 years of age is 19,6%. The sex distribution is 1 : 1,9 male to female. The complications are demonstrated by case histories: Diverticulitis with ileus, foreign body trap, sub-acute perforation, sigmoid-vaginal fistula, sigmoid-bladder fistula, sigmoid-uterus fistula in a 5-year-old girl.