ABSTRACT
A 16-year-old boy attended the Emergency Department with sudden severe right iliac fossa pain and associated vomiting. He denied any urinary symptoms, diarrhoea or testicular pain. On examination, he had a locally tender right iliac fossa with guarding. External genitalia and testicular examination revealed an absent right testicle, the left testicle was not tender. The patient was haemodynamically stable. A clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis and possible testicular torsion was made and the patient sent for an urgent diagnostic laparoscopy. At laparoscopy, the patient was found to have a torted, non-viable right-sided testicle in the abdominal cavity. On discussion with urology, a decision was made to excise the torted testicle as it was atrophic and had significant malignant potential. The appendix was normal. The patient made an unremarkable recovery and was discharged.
Subject(s)
Cryptorchidism/diagnosis , Spermatic Cord Torsion/diagnosis , Abdomen, Acute/etiology , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Appendicitis/diagnosis , Cryptorchidism/surgery , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Laparoscopy , Male , Spermatic Cord Torsion/surgeryABSTRACT
A 78-year-old retired woman was diagnosed with metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC), a rare tumor, in our hospital. We reviewed 15 articles with a total of 1328 patients to determine the epidemiology, clinical features, biomarkers, histology, management and outcome of patients with this tumor. The mean age at presentation is 58.5 years (range 32-83). Eighty-one percent of patients presented either with a breast mass or abnormal mammographic finding. Twenty-three percent of patients had a family history of breast cancer. Estrogen receptors were only found in 12%, progesterone receptors in 10% and HER2 in 6% of patients. The main method of treatment was mastectomy (66.9%) in combination with chemotherapy (57%) and radiotherapy (47%). Five-year disease-free survival ranged between 40% and 84% and 5-year overall survival ranged between 64 and 83%. We have further reviewed the nature of this disease in the light of advancement in genetics, such as microarray gene expression profiling. The relationship of MBC with triple-negative tumor and basal-like tumor is discussed. It is hoped that advances in genetics and biomarkers will bring forward the era of personalized medicine in the treatment of breast carcinoma.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Mixed Tumor, Malignant/pathology , Aged , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Female , Humans , Letrozole , Metaplasia , Mixed Tumor, Malignant/drug therapy , Mixed Tumor, Malignant/surgery , Nitriles/therapeutic use , Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism , Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism , Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism , Triazoles/therapeutic useABSTRACT
This report details the case of a patient presenting with a periampullary cancer and an abdominal aortic aneurysm who underwent endovascular repair of the aneurysm prior to pancreaticoduodenectomy. Use of the endovascular approach avoided the need for two major operative interventions.
