ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To measure responses of cows to supplemental Se intake in excess of nutritional requirements, but lower than recognized toxic dosages. ANIMALS: 24 healthy adult Holstein cows. PROCEDURE: Cows were allotted to 4 groups and fed sodium selenite to provide 0, 3, 20, or 50 mg of Se/cow/d for 90 days. Subsequently, the dosage for the group receiving 50 mg/cow/d was increased to 100 mg/cow/d for 28 d. Blood, liver specimens, feces, and urine were obtained at points during the trial. RESULTS: Serum and blood Se concentrations in groups receiving 20 or 50 mg/cow/d increased over time, compared with controls (P < 0.01). Increasing supplemental Se intake to 100 mg/cow/d further increased serum and blood Se concentrations (P < 0.05). Urine, fecal, and liver Se concentrations increased more markedly in response to treatment than did those of serum or blood. No effect of Se treatment was seen on blood cell counts or serum activities of hepatocellular enzymes. Likewise, neither titer response to rabies vaccination nor lymphocyte blastogenic response to nonspecific mitogens was affected by Se treatment. Objective or subjective physical signs of Se toxicosis were not observed at any Se dosage. CONCLUSIONS: Inorganic Se intakes of up to 50 mg/d for 90 days or 100 mg/d for 28 days by adult Holstein cows do not affect the variables measured. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intakes of Se as sodium selenite in amounts 10 to 30 times the nutritional requirements are unlikely to cause health problems in adult cows. Urine and feces are good test samples for detection of Se supplementation greater than requirements.
Subject(s)
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Cattle/physiology , Selenium/pharmacology , Animals , Cattle/blood , Cattle/immunology , Cattle/metabolism , Diet , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Liver/chemistry , Rabies Vaccines/pharmacology , Selenium/analysis , Selenium/blood , Selenium/metabolismABSTRACT
The medical information, financial, and logistic aspects of a comprehensive computer-based Appointment, Registration, Information System, and Evaluation (ARISE) are analyzed for the management of a family planning program serving 30,000 patients annually. An overview of the existing computer system network is presented with descriptions of the interactive master patient index, the batch appointment process, the management statistics package, and Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) reporting. Emphasis is placed on the financial management control system which includes 1) procedures for third-party submission of claims for payment, in particular Titles IVA, XX, and XIX (Social Security Act), together with discussion of related administrative requirements; 2) technics of auditing data integrity including systematic sampling of collected data; and 3) the process of billing and receipts collection. Methodology and implementation aspects of ARISE may have wide applicability to other family planning and similarly structured clinical programs.
Subject(s)
Computers , Family Planning Services , Information Systems , Costs and Cost Analysis , Female , Financing, Government , Humans , Insurance Claim Reporting , Legislation, Medical , Organization and Administration , Pregnancy , Quality Control , United StatesABSTRACT
An interactive on-line computerized renal transplant matching system called RENTRAN which serves the Southwest Kidney Transplant Region is described. The region consists of one transplant center in Arkansas, two in Oklahoma, and six in Texas. The computer used is the DECsystem-10 located in the Medical Computing Resources Center at Dallas. RENTRAN participants have remotely located standard interactive computer terminals and gain access to the computer by dialing over normal telephone lines. Functions provided by RENTRAN include obtaining instructions, performing a donor-recipient match, obtaining a list of potential recipients, making a user comment or adding, updating or deleting a potential recipient record. Either long or short formats for dialog with the computer system are available for inexperienced and experienced and users, respectively. In the time period from August 1,1973, when the system went into production on February 1, 1976, there have been in excess of 232 matches attempted and approximately 142 kidneys have been transplanted according to RENTRAN results. There are about 361 recipients currently on the data base. The system was developed with funds provided by the Texas Regional Medical Program. Expenses of maintaining the system as well as occasional programmed improvements as deemed appropriate by the Southwest Kidney Transplant Region Registry Committee on the basis of user comments are provided through a $25 per year charge to patients for being listed on the data base.
Subject(s)
Computers , Kidney Transplantation , ABO Blood-Group System , Histocompatibility Testing , Online Systems , Transplantation, HomologousABSTRACT
Introducción. Dientes anteriores. Clase 1: fractura coronaria simple con poca o ninguna dentina afectada. Clase 2: fracturas coronaria extensa que afecta considerable dentina pero no la pulpa. Clase 3: fractura coronaria con considerable dentina afectada y exposición pulpar. Clase 4: diente traumatizado con desvitalización, con o sin pérdida de estructura coronaria. Clase 5: dientes perdidos como resultado de traumatismos. Clase 6: fractura radicular con o sin pérdida de tejidos coronarios. Clase 7: desplazamiento dentario sin fractura coronaria ni radicular. Clase 8: Fractura coronaria en masa y su reemplazo. Clase 9: Traumatismos de dientes primarios
Subject(s)
Tooth Injuries , Child , Pediatric DentistryABSTRACT
Introducción. Dientes anteriores. Clase 1: fractura coronaria simple con poca o ninguna dentina afectada. Clase 2: fracturas coronaria extensa que afecta considerable dentina pero no la pulpa. Clase 3: fractura coronaria con considerable dentina afectada y exposición pulpar. Clase 4: diente traumatizado con desvitalización, con o sin pérdida de estructura coronaria. Clase 5: dientes perdidos como resultado de traumatismos. Clase 6: fractura radicular con o sin pérdida de tejidos coronarios. Clase 7: desplazamiento dentario sin fractura coronaria ni radicular. Clase 8: Fractura coronaria en masa y su reemplazo. Clase 9: Traumatismos de dientes primarios
Subject(s)
Tooth Injuries , Child , Pediatric DentistryABSTRACT
Introducción. Dientes anteriores. Clase 1: fractura coronaria simple con poca o ninguna dentina afectada. Clase 2: fracturas coronaria extensa que afecta considerable dentina pero no la pulpa. Clase 3: fractura coronaria con considerable dentina afectada y exposición pulpar. Clase 4: diente traumatizado con desvitalización, con o sin pérdida de estructura coronaria. Clase 5: dientes perdidos como resultado de traumatismos. Clase 6: fractura radicular con o sin pérdida de tejidos coronarios. Clase 7: desplazamiento dentario sin fractura coronaria ni radicular. Clase 8: Fractura coronaria en masa y su reemplazo. Clase 9: Traumatismos de dientes primarios
