Mesoscopic open-eye core-shell spheroid carved anode/cathode electrodes for fully reversible and dynamic lithium-ion battery models.

We report on the key influence of mesoscopic super-open-eye core-shell spheroids of TiO2- and LiFePO4-wrapped nanocarbon carved anode/cathode electrodes with uniform interior accommodation/storage pockets for the creation of fully reversible and dynamic Li-ion power battery (LIB) models. The mesoscopic core-shell anode/cathode electrodes provide potential half- and full-cell LIB-CR2032 configuration designs, and large-scale pouch models. In these variable mesoscopic LIB models, the broad-free-access and large-open-eye like gate-in-transport surfaces featured electrodes are key factors of built-in LIBs with excellent charge/discharge capacity, energy density performances, and outstanding cycling stability. Mesoscopic open-eye spheroid full-LIB-CR2032 configuration models retain 77.8% of the 1st cycle discharge specific capacity of 168.68 mA h g-1 after multiple cycling (i.e., 1st to 2000th cycles), efficient coulombic performance of approximately 99.6% at 0.1C, and high specific energy density battery of approximately 165.66 W h kg-1 at 0.1C. Furthermore, we have built a dynamic, super-open-mesoeye pouch LIB model using dense packing sets that are technically significant to meet the tradeoff requirements and long-term driving range of electric vehicles (EVs). The full-pouch package LIB models retain a powerful gate-in-transport system for heavy loaded electron/Li+ ion storage, diffusion, and truck movement through open-ended out/in and then up/downward eye circular/curvy folds, thereby leading to substantial durability, and remarkable electrochemical performances even after long-life charge/discharge cycling.

Theoretical and Experimental Sets of Choice Anode/Cathode Architectonics for High-Performance Full-Scale LIB Built-up Models.

To control the power hierarchy design of lithium-ion battery (LIB) built-up sets for electric vehicles (EVs), we offer intensive theoretical and experimental sets of choice anode/cathode architectonics that can be modulated in full-scale LIB built-up models. As primary structural tectonics, heterogeneous composite superstructures of full-cell-LIB (anode//cathode) electrodes were designed in closely packed flower agave rosettes TiO2@C (FRTO@C anode) and vertical-star-tower LiFePO4@C (VST@C cathode) building blocks to regulate the electron/ion movement in the three-dimensional axes and orientation pathways. The superpower hierarchy surfaces and multi-directional orientation components may create isosurface potential electrodes with mobile electron movements, in-to-out interplay electron dominances, and electron/charge cloud distributions. This study is the first to evaluate the hotkeys of choice anode/cathode architectonics to assemble different LIB-electrode platforms with high-mobility electron/ion flows and high-performance capacity functionalities. Density functional theory calculation revealed that the FRTO@C anode and VST-(i)@C cathode architectonics are a superior choice for the configuration of full-scale LIB built-up models. The integrated FRTO@C//VST-(i)@C full-scale LIB retains a huge discharge capacity (~ 94.2%), an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.85% after 2000 cycles at 1 C, and a high energy density of 127 Wh kg-1, thereby satisfying scale-up commercial EV requirements.

Anisotropic N-Graphene-diffused Co3O4 nanocrystals with dense upper-zone top-on-plane exposure facets as effective ORR electrocatalysts.

We provide strong evidence of the effectiveness of homogenously self-propelled particle-in-particle diffusion, interaction and growth protocol. This technique was used for one-pot synthesis of novel nitrogen-graphene oxide (N-GO)/Co3O4 nanocrystals with cuboid rectangular prism-shaped nanorods (NRs) along {110}-plane and truncated polyhedrons with densely-exposed, multi-facet sites along {311} and {111} planes. These hierarchal nanocrystals create electrode catalyst patterns with vast-range accessibility to active Co2+ sites, a vascular system for the transport and retention of captured O2 molecule interiorly, and low adsorption energy and dense electron configuration surfaces during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The superior electrocatalytic ORR activity of the N-GO/Co3O4 polyhedron nanocrystals in terms of electrochemical selectivity, durability and stability compared with NRs or commercial Pt/C catalysts confirms the synergetic contribution of multi-functional, dense-exposed, and actively topographic facets of polyhedrons to significantly activate the catalytic nature of the catalyst. Our findings show real evidence, for the first time that not only the large number of catalytically active Co2+ cations at the top surface layer but also the dense location of active Co2+ sites on the upper-zone top-on-plane exposure, and the electron density configuration and distribution around the Co2+ sites were important for effective ORR.