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1.
Cureus ; 15(2): e34877, 2023 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36925989

ABSTRACT

Background Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third leading cause of cardiovascular death after myocardial infarction and stroke. The ideal therapeutic approach for these patients remains undetermined. We report our single-center outcome data for using a catheter-based pulmonary artery thrombectomy using the FlowTriever (Inari Medical, Irvine, CA) device as management for patients with submassive PE. Methods We retrospectively collected data from a single center of patients who underwent thrombectomy using INARI FlowTriever device. The data on baseline characteristics, procedural and clinical outcomes was collected and analysed Results A total of 38 patients with PE treated endovascularly with the FlowTriever device were identified: 33 with submassive PE and five with massive PE. The mean age was 65.9 years (95% CI 61.9 - 69.8), and most patients were male (73.7%). All patients had right heart strain as the main indication for thrombectomy. Four patients (10.53%) required pressor support before the procedure. In 31 patients, pre- and post-thrombectomy average mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was improved significantly by 22% (p < 0.01). Two patients had significant adverse events at 48 hours (5.26%). One patient experienced procedure-related access site hematoma and life-threatening bleeding, while another developed intraprocedural-related massive hemoptysis and cardiopulmonary arrest. Overall post-procedural length of stay was 7.7 ± 5.6 days; 52.63% of patients (n = 20) required intensive care. Three patients (7.89%) required pressor support before the procedure, and 78.9% of patients (n = 30 of 38) survived hospital discharge. Thirty patients who survived were discharged with oral anticoagulation. There were no device-related complications. Conclusion Randomized trials of interventional devices for submassive PE are warranted to either support or alert the medical community of the safety and efficacy of their use for patients with submassive and massive PE. In time, pulmonary embolism response team (PERT) may generate outcome data that better inform treatment decisions.

2.
Cardiol Ther ; 12(1): 185-195, 2023 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36670331

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Studies evaluating the role of midodrine as an adjunctive therapy to liberate patients with shock from intravenous (IV) vasopressors have yielded mixed results. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of midodrine as an adjunctive therapy to liberate patients with shock from IV vasopressors. METHODS: Electronic searches of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases through April 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the use of midodrine versus control in patients with shock and a low dose of IV vasopressors. The primary outcome was total IV vasopressor time, while the secondary outcomes included time-to-IV vasopressor discontinuation, IV vasopressor restart, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, and incidence of bradycardia. RESULTS: The final analysis included four RCTs with a total of 314 patients: 158 in the midodrine group and 156 in the control group, with a weighted mean age of 64 years (54.2% men). There was no significant difference in the total IV vasopressor time between the midodrine and control groups (standardized mean difference [SMD] - 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] - 1.38 to 0.32, p = 0.22; I2 = 92%). Also, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the time-to-IV vasopressor discontinuation (SMD - 0.05; 95% CI - 0.57 to 0.47, p = 0.09), IV vasopressor restart (19.3 vs. 28.3%; risk ratio [RR] 0.74; 95% 0.25-2.20, p = 0.59), ICU LOS (SMD - 0.49; 95% CI - 1.30 to 0.33, p = 0.24), and hospital LOS (SMD 0.01; 95% CI - 0.27 to 0.29, p = 0.92). However, compared with the control group, the midodrine group had a higher risk of bradycardia (15.3 vs. 2.1% RR 5.56; 95% CI 1.54-20.05, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with vasopressor-dependent shock, midodrine was not associated with early liberation of vasopressor support or shorter ICU or hospital length of stay. Adding midodrine increased the risk of bradycardia. Further large RCTs are needed to better evaluate the efficacy and safety of midodrine in liberating patients from IV vasopressors.

3.
J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep ; 9: 23247096211013185, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33969726

ABSTRACT

There has been an accumulating evidence of association between COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) infection and cardiovascular complications. We describe a case of a 58-year-old lady with a history of systolic heart failure and COVID-19 infection, who developed persistent symptomatic bradycardia, requiring pacemaker placement as unusual conductive tissue involvement of this novel coronavirus.


Subject(s)
Bradycardia/diagnosis , Bradycardia/virology , COVID-19/complications , Bradycardia/therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Electrocardiography , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Pacemaker, Artificial , SARS-CoV-2
4.
ASAIO J ; 67(8): 907-916, 2021 08 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33093383

ABSTRACT

Papillary muscle rupture (PMR) or chordae tendinae rupture (CTR) is a rare but lethal complication after ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Due to the rarity of this condition, there are limited studies defining its epidemiology and outcomes. This is a retrospective study from Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from 2002 to 2014 of patients with STEMI and PMR/CTR. Outcomes of interest were incidence of in-hospital mortality, cardiogenic shock (CS), utilization of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices and mitral valve procedures (MVPs) among patients with and without rupture. We also performed simulation using the cardiovascular model to better understand the hemodynamics of severe mitral regurgitation and effects of different medications and device therapy. We identified 1,888 patients with STEMI complicated with PMR/CTR. Most of the patients were >65 years of age (65.3%), male (63.6%), and white (82.3%). They had significantly higher incidence of CS, cardiac arrest, and utilization of MCS devices. In-hospital mortality was higher in patients with rupture (41% vs. 7.40%, p < 0.001) which remained unchanged over the study period. Hospitalization cost and length of stay was also higher in them. MVP and revascularization led to better survival rates (27.9% vs. 60.6%, adjusted OR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.10-0.19; p < 0.001). Despite significant advancement in the revascularization strategy, PMR/CTR after STEMI continues to portend poor prognosis with high inpatient mortality. Cardiogenic shock is a common presentation and is associated with significantly inpatient mortality. Future studies are needed determine the best strategies to improve outcomes in patients with STEMI with PMR/CTR and CS.


Subject(s)
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction , Aged , Female , Hospital Mortality , Humans , Male , Papillary Muscles , Retrospective Studies , ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction/complications , ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction/surgery , Shock, Cardiogenic/etiology
5.
Am J Cardiol ; 124(10): 1601-1607, 2019 11 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31522774

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the impact of chronic thrombocytopenia (cTCP) on outcomes of transcatheter valvular procedures such as aortic valve implantation (TAVI), MitraClip, permanent pacemaker (PPM), implantable-cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), left atrial appendage closure, and pericardiocentesis. Impact of cTCP on clinical outcomes following TAVI, Mitraclip, PPM, ICD, CRT, left atrial appendage closure, and pericardiocentesis procedures is not well described. Utilizing the National Inpatient Sample and (ICD-9-CM) procedural codes, we evaluated patients (age ≥18 years) who underwent these procedures, from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2014, with or without cTCP as a chronic condition variable indicator. Propensity score matching model implemented to derive 2 matched groups. Propensity score matching created 47,292 and 47,351 hospitalizations matched pairs with and without cTCP, respectively. Patients with cTCP were older (mean age, 74.27 vs 72.26 years; absolute standardized differences [ASD] = 15.6) and less likely to be female (36.76% vs 43.74%, ASD = -14.31). They experienced higher in-hospital mortality (3.0% vs 2.0%; odds ratio [OR], 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27 to 1.83) and higher odds of vascular injury requiring surgery (2.63% vs 1.10%; OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.93 to 3.05). Postoperative hematoma and bleeding were 2-fold higher (4.57% vs 2.24%; OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.77 to 2.45) and 3-fold higher (6.34% vs 2.45%; OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 2.31 to 3.13) respectively among cTCP patients. They had greater health-care cost ($47,163 vs $35,763, p <0.0001) and longer hospital stay (mean 9.26 days vs 6.84 days, p <0.0001). In conclusion, cTCP patients had higher risk of complications after TAVI, MitraClip, PPM, ICD, CRT, left atrial appendage closure, and pericardiocentesis, including a 1.5-fold increased risk of in-hospital mortality.


Subject(s)
Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery , Defibrillators, Implantable , Inpatients/statistics & numerical data , Pacemaker, Artificial , Thrombocytopenia/epidemiology , Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement , Aged , Aortic Valve/surgery , Aortic Valve Stenosis/epidemiology , Chronic Disease , Comorbidity , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Hospital Mortality/trends , Humans , Incidence , Male , Postoperative Period , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Survival Rate/trends , Time Factors , United States/epidemiology
6.
Cureus ; 11(4): e4415, 2019 Apr 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31245203

ABSTRACT

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) is characterized by apical ballooning with basal preservation in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) that can otherwise explain wall motion abnormalities. However, there is increasing evidence that acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) may coexist with TCM. This report describes a 61-year-old man with a previous medical history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia, who presented with acute chest pain and associated shortness of breath. He was diagnosed with a non-ST segment myocardial infarction. Echocardiography revealed impaired systolic function with evidence of apical and periapical ballooning of the left ventricle, characteristic of TCM. Coronary angiography revealed evidence of significant luminal stenosis of the right coronary artery (RCA), necessitating intervention with a drug-eluting stent. This patient demonstrated wall motion abnormalities characteristic of TCM beyond the territory of the affected coronary artery suggesting that CAD and TCM can coexist.

7.
Am J Cardiol ; 122(5): 838-843, 2018 09 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30037424

ABSTRACT

Comparative outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in patients with and without hypothyroidism were not previously reported. This study aimed to appraise the clinical outcomes and impact of hypothyroidism on patients who underwent TAVI. Patients with hypothyroidism who underwent TAVI from 2011 to 2014 were identified in the National Inpatient Sample database using the International Classification of Diseases, ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. The primary outcome was the effect of hypothyroidism on inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes were the impact of hypothyroidism on post-TAVI complications. We also evaluated the length of hospital stay and the cost of hospitalization. Propensity score-matched analysis was performed to address potential confounding. The hypothyroid patients who underwent TAVI had no significant increase in the risk of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 0.78; 95% confidence interval 0.51 to 1.21, p = 0.282), or most postprocedural complications. However, hypothyroid patients were more likely to develop hemorrhage requiring transfusion (odds ratio 1.36, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.76, p = 0.043). In conclusion, TAVI is a feasible and relatively safe alternative with reasonable in-hospital outcomes in patients with hypothyroidism and severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. However, hypothyroid patients are more likely to require a blood transfusion after TAVI. Additional randomized trials are needed to evaluate TAVR outcomes in hypothyroid patients.


Subject(s)
Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery , Hypothyroidism/complications , Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement , Aged, 80 and over , Blood Component Transfusion/statistics & numerical data , Female , Hospital Costs , Humans , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Male , Treatment Outcome
8.
BMJ Case Rep ; 20162016 Jun 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27325671

ABSTRACT

We report a case of a 70-year-old woman who presented with progressively increasing intensity of lower abdominal, pelvic and rectal pain of 3-day duration. She had similar symptoms intermittently over the preceding 2 years. CT of the abdomen and pelvis revealed the presence of a 3.8×0.4 cm linear foreign body in the colorectal region. History obtained from relatives recalled inadvertent ingestion of a chicken bone 2 years prior to presentation. Trials of foreign body retrieval, both manually and via rigid and flexible sigmoidoscopy, however, were unsuccessful due to the presence of obstruction by a circumferential rectal stricture. Consequently, an exploratory laparotomy was performed, with segmental resection of 17 cm of rectum and distal sigmoid. Dissection of the strictured segment revealed the presence of a chicken bone. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course, was discharged and is to continue following up on an outpatient basis.


Subject(s)
Abdominal Pain/etiology , Foreign Bodies , Intestinal Obstruction/etiology , Rectal Diseases/etiology , Rectum , Aged , Animals , Bone and Bones , Constriction, Pathologic/etiology , Female , Food/adverse effects , Gastrointestinal Transit , Humans , Pelvic Pain/etiology , Poultry
9.
BMJ Case Rep ; 2016: 10.1136/bcr-2016-215034, 2016 Apr 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27095812

ABSTRACT

We present a case of delayed onset seroma formation presenting 5 years after ventral incisional hernia repair (VIHR) with mesh. The patient presented with several months of progressive abdominal fullness and eventual spontaneous drainage from a prior abdominal surgical incision site. Surgical drainage was performed with evolvement of mesh infection. After 5 months of conservative management, the patient remained symptomatic and continued to show evidence of infection. Subsequently, she underwent mesh explantation and definitive repair with complex abdominal wall reconstruction. To the best of our knowledge, this case represents the longest delay in the onset of seroma formation post-VIHR, reported in the literature.


Subject(s)
Herniorrhaphy/adverse effects , Incisional Hernia/complications , Long Term Adverse Effects/etiology , Postoperative Complications , Seroma/etiology , Adult , Female , Herniorrhaphy/methods , Humans , Seroma/surgery
10.
Int J Surg Case Rep ; 23: 40-3, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27085107

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Eccrine porocarcinoma (EPC) is a rare malignancy of eccrine sweat glands. It is often seen during the sixth to eighth decades of life. We report the first case of eccrine porocarcinoma arising on the abdomen of a 21-year-old patient with ulcerative colitis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 21-Year-old female presented to emergency department with a one month history of an enlarging mass over left lower abdomen. Abdominal examination revealed a slightly erythematous, nodular and non-mobile firm mass in left lower quadrant. There was superficial ulceration with slight serous discharge. CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis with contrast revealed a superficial cystic lesion over the anterior abdominal wall, provisionally diagnosed as sebaceous cyst. Incision and drainage were performed and on follow-up, no signs of healing were observed and the patient subsequently underwent surgical excision. Histopathological examination revealed an eccrine porocarcinoma. DISCUSSION: EPC is a rare and aggressive tumor. It may occur de novo or as a result of malignant transformation of an eccrine poroma. A long period of clinical history is often encountered. It usually occurs on the lower extremities followed by the, trunk, head and neck, and upper extremities. The clinical picture usually consists of a painless nodule or papule. Treatment is wide local excision. No strong evidence exists for adjuvant therapy. The risk of local recurrence is about 20%. CONCLUSION: High index of suspicion is required for diagnosis of EPC. Early diagnosis is achieved by histopathological examination and early definitive surgical excision leads to excellent results.

11.
BMJ Case Rep ; 20162016 Mar 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26961563

ABSTRACT

Adult intussusception and small bowel adenocarcinoma are rarely encountered together. Intussusception should be considered in the differential diagnosis of adult patients presenting with abdominal pain, especially those with unremitting symptoms. Concomitant anaemia should lower the threshold for suspicion of underlying malignancy. Jejunal adenocarcinoma represents a rare, but possible aetiology.


Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/surgery , Intussusception/etiology , Jejunal Neoplasms/surgery , Adenocarcinoma/diagnostic imaging , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Intussusception/diagnosis , Intussusception/diagnostic imaging , Jejunal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Middle Aged , Treatment Outcome
12.
BMJ Case Rep ; 20162016 Mar 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26961567

ABSTRACT

A 35-year-old woman presented to the emergency department (ED) with acute severe abdominal pain at 4 days postpartum. CT of the abdomen revealed a type II rectus sheath haematoma for which she was initially treated conservatively and discharged. A few hours later, she returned to the ED with a picture suggestive of peritonitis. Exploratory laparoscopy was performed and revealed haemoperitoneum and a ruptured area on the posterior rectus sheath. Approximately 2 L of blood was aspirated. Haemostatic control was achieved and closed suction drains secured in position. The patient was discharged in stable condition on postadmission day 6. She continued to follow-up on an outpatient basis and was doing well 3 months postoperatively.


Subject(s)
Hemoperitoneum/diagnostic imaging , Rectus Abdominis/injuries , Rupture, Spontaneous/diagnostic imaging , Abdominal Pain/etiology , Adult , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Hemoperitoneum/surgery , Humans , Postpartum Period , Rectus Abdominis/pathology , Rectus Abdominis/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment Outcome
13.
Trauma Case Rep ; 5: 13-17, 2016 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29942849

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of great vessel injuries in thoracic trauma is reported at 0.3-10%, predominantly due to a penetrating mechanism. Thoracic aortic injuries, more specifically those within proximity of the aortic root are challenging to manage and unceasing bleeding hampers adequate visualisation for performing repair. We report a case of a 31-year-old male that presented to the emergency department 1 h after sustaining a stab wound injury within proximity of the left upper sternal border. Vital signs were stable on presentation. Physical examination revealed a 1.5 cm laceration in the 3rd intercostal space. Chest X-ray revealed a small left pneumothorax, FAST scan was negative, and CT of the chest revealed left sided haemopneumothorax and haemopericardium. The patient was emergently transferred to the operating room where median thoracotomy was performed. A significant amount of bleeding was observed originating from a 1 cm laceration of the aortic root. Bleeding was controlled using a Foley catheter after unsuccessful attempts of digital compression, and the laceration was repaired using pledgeted sutures. Postoperative echocardiography and CT scan of the chest revealed normal cardiac functions with resolution of haemopericardium and haemopneumothorax, and the patient was discharged in a stable condition. High index of suspicion should be maintained for injury to the great vessels in patients with penetrating chest injuries, despite apparent haemodynamic stability. In this case, balloon tamponade using a Foley catheter served as a quick and simple technique that resulted in an almost bloodless field, facilitating adequate visualisation for definitive repair. Although the use of this technique has been previously described, this report serves as a reminder that a Foley catheter can be successfully used for balloon catheter tamponade in injuries to the aortic root.

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