Bridging the Gaps: The Transformative Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Preventive Measures Among Medical and Health Sciences College Students in Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

Background The global impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disrupted the activities of medical and health profession education institutions. This study aimed to determine the impact of COVID-19 on medical and health profession education students' knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward preventive measures and their commitment to precautionary measures before, during, and after the pandemic. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was carried out from January to March 2023 using an online, structured, validated questionnaire survey to gather information from medical and health sciences students from three universities, encompassing five colleges in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. The minimum required sample size was estimated using the Epi Info software as 380. The data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20.0 (Released 2011; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Statistical tests including Student's t-test, chi-squared test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were applied. Results The findings revealed that personal experiences with COVID-19 infection had a significant impact on students' attitudes and commitment to preventive measures (p<0.05). Among the participants, 172 students (45%) reported having contracted COVID-19. Students with clinical exposure showed a higher level of understanding and adherence to preventive measures (248 students, 68%), compared to pre-clinical students (198 students, 52%) (p<0.05). Positive attitudes were observed toward practices such as sneezing etiquette (289 students, 76%) and flu vaccination (314 students, 83%) (p<0.05). However, negative attitudes were observed toward mask-wearing (155 students, 41%) and social distancing (144 students, 38%), particularly among male students (p<0.05). Conclusion The study provided valuable insights into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical and health sciences students' knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward preventive measures and the importance of introducing COVID-19 prevention measures in the pre-clinical phase as well as mental health support to promote positive attitudes and enhance adherence to preventive measures.

Tumoral pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the male breast: A systematic analysis.

<b><br>Aim:</b> The study was conducted to systematically analyze the recent peer-reviewed literature related to tumoral pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) in males.</br> <b><br>Materials and methods:</b> Articles published in peer-reviewed journals of repute from 2012 to 2023 were evaluated for eight variables: 1) the age of the patient, 2) clinical presentation, 3) laterality (unilateral or bilateral), 4) associated breast disorder, 5) the presence of systemic co-morbidity, 6) imaging modalities aiding diagnosis, 7) treatment, and 8) recurrence.</br> <b><br>Results:</b> There were 10 patients ranging in age from 1 year to 67 years (mean: 34.5 years). In 8 cases (80%), there were breast lumps; in 2 cases (20%), there were axillary lumps at presentation. Pain was not a prominent symptom. Six patients (60%) had another breast disorder at presentation and 3 (30%) had significant systemic co-morbidities, including diabetes and renal insufficiency. The greatest dimension of the lumps ranged from 2 cm to 12 cm, with 80% of the lumps being below 5 cm in size. Imaging modalities utilized in evaluation included breast ultrasound (USG), mammograms, computerized tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All the cases were treated surgically, and the final diagnosis was made only after the analysis of the surgical specimen. Recurrence was recorded in 2 (20%) cases.</br> <b><br>Conclusions:</b> Tumoral PASH is a benign myofibroblastic proliferation disorder rarely reported in males. This condition should be considered a differential diagnosis of breast or axillary lumps, and an evaluation should be initiated accordingly. The recommended course of treatment is adequate surgical excision with regular clinical and radiological follow-up.</br>.

Factors predicting caregivers' readiness for vaccination of 5-11 years old children against SARS-CoV-2 - Saudi Arabia, 2022.

INTRODUCTION: A significant proportion of parents are still reluctant to have their children vaccinated against COVID-19. This study aimed to determine what factors influence parents' decision to get COVID-19 vaccine for the children of age group 5-11 years. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the region Qassim of Saudi Arabia, by using a self-administered, pre-tested questionnaire to assess the predicting factors of caregivers' readiness to get their children vaccinated against COVID-19. RESULTS: Two-thirds of the caregivers surveyed were unwilling to get their children vaccinated against COVID-19. The factors that influence the parents' decision to get their young children (5-11 years old) vaccinated against COVID-19 were: having secondary school education (p = 0.019), family members infected with SARS-CoV-2 (p = 0.016), caregivers completed the three doses of vaccination (p = 0.003) and those who received additional flu vaccine (p = 0.014), and not experiencing the side effects of COVID-19 vaccine (p = 0.0001). Additionally, no history of COVID-19 vaccine adverse events in older 12-18 year old children (p = 0.011) and no chronic diseases in the 5-11 year old children (p = 0.001) were predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Caregivers' preferences about the children's vaccination were influenced by multiple factors, including educational level, having family members infected with SARS-CoV-2, caregivers completing three doses of COVID-19 vaccine, receiving additional flu vaccine with no or mild adverse events, and history of chronic diseases in the child. Understanding these factors can help determine the likelihood of the caregivers getting their child vaccinated.