ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Children under the age of 3 years have been diagnosed with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). They were found to be functionally disadvantaged and psychologically distressed in relation to children with other painful conditions. CASE PRESENTATION: An 18-month-old baby girl was referred to the pain clinic with a history of severe right lower limb pain that had begun 2 months earlier. The parents were unable to recall any trauma before the painful situation. Pain and allodynia were severe and extended from the toes to the gluteus area. She was low weight for her age (6700 g). The patient was on the maximum doses of gabapentin and amitriptyline accepted for her body weight and did not have the possibility to start rehabilitation due to severe pain and allodynia. After discussing the risks and potential benefits of a planned lumbar sympathetic block (LSB), the parents approved the interventional procedure. This is the first case report describing the LSB technique at such a young age. METHOD: A lumbar sympathetic block was carried on at the third lumbar vertebral level, fluoroscopy-guided, and under general anesthesia (GA) initiated with ketamine iv. A 4-cm needle was introduced using a tunneled vision approach in an oblique view at the L3 level until adequate depth was confirmed in the lateral position. Safety considerations were taken in relation to the radiation dose and all drugs injected with dose adjustment to her body weight. The block was successful (the skin temperature increased by 2.8 °C) and was uneventful. Pain and allodynia were completely alleviated in the recovery room. At the follow-up after 3 and 8 weeks, the parents reported an 80% improvement in pain and allodynia, a 70% improvement in sleep, a weight gain of 900 g, and that she had started rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS: Lumbar sympathetic blocks can be considered at a very young age to treat CRPS if other non-invasive measures fail.