ABSTRACT
Fecal samples were examined immediately before and 24 to 48 h after cestocide treatment for a comparative detection of tapeworm-positive horses. In early winter, 17 weanlings, 20 yearlings, 15 2-year-old horses, 24 breeding mares, and 2 stallions were treated with praziquantel in combination with a macrocyclic lactone. The horses were presumed to be naturally infected with tapeworms after pasture grazing. Fecal samples were collected before treatment (Day 0), at 24 or 48 h after treatment (Day 1-2), and 16 to 21 d after treatment (Day 16-21). A Wisconsin test was done on all fecal samples. Odds of detection of infection for all age groups increased by a factor of 2.04 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30 to 3.20] from Day 0 to Day 1-2 (P = 0.002).
Subject(s)
Anticestodal Agents/therapeutic use , Cestode Infections/veterinary , Feces/parasitology , Horse Diseases/drug therapy , Animals , Cestoda/drug effects , Cestoda/isolation & purification , Cestode Infections/drug therapy , Cestode Infections/parasitology , Female , Horse Diseases/parasitology , Horses , Lactones/therapeutic use , Male , Parasite Egg Count/veterinary , Praziquantel/therapeutic use , Prevalence , Species Specificity , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The impact of a late fall treatment on the spring rise of fecal egg counts was evaluated in a controlled study with Canadian horses treated with 2 different dewormers immediately after removal from pasture for winter housing. The horses were stabled until the end of the trial period. Seventeen weanlings, 20 yearlings, and 15 2-year-old horses located in Ontario, which were presumed to be naturally infected with cyathostomins after pasture grazing, were randomly allocated to either a group treated with 0.4 mg/kg of moxidectin and 2.5 mg/kg of praziquantel or a group treated with 0.2 mg/kg of ivermectin and 1.5 mg/kg of praziquantel. Three weeks after treatment, all strongyle fecal egg counts were reduced to zero for both treatment groups. However, at 5 months post-treatment, mean geometric fecal egg counts were statistically higher for the yearlings and 2-year-old horses treated with ivermectin than for the yearlings and 2-year-old horses treated with moxidectin (P < 0.0001).
Subject(s)
Antiparasitic Agents/pharmacology , Feces/parasitology , Parasite Egg Count/veterinary , Strongyle Infections, Equine/drug therapy , Age Factors , Animals , Drug Combinations , Drug Resistance , Female , Horses , Housing, Animal , Ivermectin/pharmacology , Macrolides/pharmacology , Male , Ontario , Poaceae , Random Allocation , Seasons , Strongyle Infections, Equine/parasitology , Strongyle Infections, Equine/prevention & control , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
This study determined the efficacy of a 5-day extended therapy with cephapirin sodium in dairy cows chronically infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Chronically infected cows selected from 14 dairy herds in the St-Hyacinthe region, Québec were randomly allocated to a group of 31 cows treated for 5 consecutive days with 200 mg of cephapirin per quarter BID or a group of 30 untreated control cows. Bacteriological cure was determined by 3 negative bacterial cultures at 10, 24, and 31 days after treatment. The cow cure rates were 25.8% (8/31) in the treated cows and 3.3% (1/30) in the control group (P = 0.013). The quarter cure rates at first sampling post-treatment were 77.6% (38/49) and 18% (9/50) in the treated and the control groups, respectively (P < 0.0001). A 5-day extended therapy with cephapirin is effective in treating cows chronically infected with S. aureus.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Cephapirin/therapeutic use , Mastitis, Bovine/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/veterinary , Animals , Cattle , Chronic Disease , Dairying , Female , Quebec , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Genetic Variation , Horse Diseases/virology , Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype/genetics , Influenza Vaccines/genetics , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/veterinary , Animals , Horse Diseases/diagnosis , Horse Diseases/prevention & control , Horses , Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype/classification , Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/diagnosis , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology , Phylogeny , Sentinel Surveillance/veterinaryABSTRACT
A randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare the humoral immune response to 3 different commercial vaccines in dairy heifers housed in 3 different dairy farms in Quebec. All heifers were seronegative to type 1 bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) (Singer strain), type 2 BVDV (NVSL 125c strain), and bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) at the beginning of the trial. In addition, control heifers in group 1 remained seronegative to the 2 viruses till the end of the trial. Significant differences in humoral immune responses occurred among the 3 commercial vaccines at 4 weeks and 6 months following vaccination. The vaccine in group 2 elicited higher mean antibody titers and seroconversion rates to both type 1 and type 2 BVDV than that in groups 3 or 4. Vaccines in groups 2 and 3 induced higher mean antibody titers to BHV-1 than did the vaccine in group 4.