ABSTRACT
Scorpionfish are among the most venomous creatures found in American and Caribbean seas. Their envenomation is responsible for considerable morbidity and socioeconomic burden associated with marine animal injuries. Avoiding physical contact with scorpionfish through proper identification prevails as the chief prevention method for stings. This article discusses common features of scorpionfish as well as the clinical presentation and treatment options following exposure to its toxins.
Subject(s)
Bites and Stings , Humans , Animals , Bites and Stings/therapy , Fishes, Poisonous , Fish Venoms , Antivenins/therapeutic use , Antivenins/administration & dosageABSTRACT
"Leaves of three, leave it be" serves as an apt caution for avoiding poison ivy (Toxicodendron species) and its dermatitis-inducing sap. Toxicodendron contact dermatitis (TCD) poses a notable burden to the American health care system by accounting for half a million reported cases of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) annually. Identifying and avoiding physical contact with the western poison ivy (Toxicodendron rydbergii) plant prevails as the chief method of preventing TCD. This article discusses common features of T rydbergii as well as clinical manifestations and treatment options following exposure to this allergenic plant.
Subject(s)
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact , Dermatitis, Toxicodendron , Toxicodendron , Humans , Dermatitis, Toxicodendron/diagnosis , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/diagnosis , Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/etiology , AllergensABSTRACT
Rhipicephalus ticks are vectors of disease in humans and animals. Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (the brown dog tick) is one of the most geographically widespread tick species worldwide, likely due to its ability to colonize human and canine dwellings over a range of habitats. They transmit a variety of diseases to dogs and humans, including canine babesiosis, canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, hepatozoonosis, Mediterranean spotted fever, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Tick bites manifest as intensely pruritic, erythematous papules at the site of tick attachment; symptomatic relief usually can be achieved with topical antipruritics. Prevention of tick bites is best achieved through a combination of veterinary and environmental control; protective clothing; repellents, such as N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) and permethrin; and prompt identification and removal of ticks.
