ABSTRACT
Objectives: Alopecia areata (AA) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease with a strong genetic predisposition. A variety of genes involved in immunity and inflammatory responses, such as cytokines, are suspected to increase the risk of developing AA. In which, different interleukin (IL) genes that associated with several autoimmune diseases and AA in varied populations. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible genetic association of AA with ten variants of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in IL12B,IL13,IL16,IL17A, and IL18 genes among Jordanian patients. Methods: In this case-control study, peripheral blood samples of 152 Jordanian AA patients and 150 controls (total of 302 subjects) were collected, genomic DNA extracted and genotyped, based on which their allele and genotype frequencies were assessed. Results: In the rs11073001 SNP located in the exon region of the IL16 gene, the A allele was distributed more frequently in AA patients (p =0.01). A difference was found between the patients and the controls for the rs17875491 SNP in the promoter region of the IL16 gene (p =0.04). The mean age of onset was 27.3±12.6 with male predominance. Most patients (68.4%) were asymptomatic but some reported experiencing associated sensations before the hair loss episodes. The patchy patterns of alopecia were the most common (90.3%). Nail changes were found in 7.3% of the patients. Conclusions: The findings support the hypothesis of the involvement of IL16 gene in the etiology of AA. Moreover, it emphasizes the variations in the genetic component of AA, as well as the clinical phenotypes among different ethnic groups.
ABSTRACT
During a routine female cadaveric dissection, we found an unusual bilateral pelvic branching pattern of the internal and external iliac arteries. The vaginal and middle rectal arteries had a common origin from the right internal pudendal artery. An aberrant obturator artery arises from both external iliac arteries. A right aberrant obturator artery gives a small branch to the back of the pubic bone. The left inferior epigastric artery arises from the common trunk of the external iliac artery with the aberrant obturator artery. Knowledge of arterial variations helps to reduce the internal hemorrhage during abdominal and pelvic surgeries
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Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Iliac Artery/anatomy & histology , Cadaver , Dissection/methods , Anatomic Variation , Arteries/anatomy & histology , Psoas Muscles/anatomy & histology , Lymph Nodes/anatomy & histology , Pudendal Nerve/anatomy & histology , HemorrhageABSTRACT
Muscular atrophy in diabetes is believed to be due to uncontrolled hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Vitamin E, a natural antioxidant, is considered important to maintain skeletal muscle structures and functions. The current study is designed to explore the regenerative potential of d-α-tocopherol after crushed injury of skeletal muscle in healthy and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced through single subcutaneous injection of alloxan at the dose of 100 mg/kg at hip region. Twenty four albino rats were divided into four groups; healthy control, diabetic control, healthy treated and diabetic treated. Treated groups were administered d-α-tocopherol orally and daily at the dose of 200 mg/kg for three weeks. A horizontal skin incision was made on the shaved right mid-thigh region and after splitting of the fascia between gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata the gluteus maximus was crushed with Kocher's forceps. Skin wound was closed with an absorbable suture. The crushed muscle changes were studied by assessing the histopathological features, histomorphological measurements and biochemical analyses at the end of 3rd week. One way 'ANOVA' followed by Tukeys test and Student t test were used for statistical analysis. Results obtained through various methods indicate that the d-α-tocopherol helps in skeletal muscle regeneration by improving antioxidant status, myoblast proliferation, revascularization, reinnervation and connective tissue remodeling. Hence it is concluded that d-α-tocopherol is a useful therapeutic dietary supplement in the management of skeletal muscle crushed injuries in both healthy and diabetics
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