ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: A study was done to investigate the effect of palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) tocotrienols on (1) rats mesenteric adipose tissue deposition (2) and 11ß-HSD1 enzyme expression in mesenteric adipocyte. There is a necessity to find an inhibitor for the 11ß-HSD1 enzyme which enhances the proliferation of mesenteric adipocyte tissue therefore curbing the onset of metabolic syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 35 male Spraque Dawley rats were divided into 5 different groups, i.e., a baseline control group (n=7), a sham operated group (n=7) and three experimental adrenalectomised groups (ADR) (n=21). Each of the experimental ADR group was given intramuscular dexamethasone (Dexa) with a dose of 120 µg/kg after 2 weeks post adrenalectomy and were divided into adrenalectomised control (n=7), Glycyrrhizic acid (GCA) treated (dose=120 mg/kg/day; n=7) and Palm Tocotrienol treated (dose=60 mg/kg/day; n=7) groups. These various treatments were given 6 days a week for 8 weeks via gastric gavage (following 2 weeks of adrenalectomy). Data is expressed as mean ± standard error mean (SEM), compared to each other using one-way analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test and then a t-test. RESULTS: The results show that palm tocotrienol tend to slightly increase mesenteric adipose tissue deposition in rats. However, palm tocotrienol was also found to have potential in inhibiting the expression of 11ß-HSD1 enzyme in mesenteric adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests palm tocotrienol inhibits 11ß-HSD1 enzyme expression and activity.
Subject(s)
11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors , Adipose Tissue/drug effects , Plant Oils/pharmacology , Tocotrienols/pharmacology , Adipocytes/metabolism , Adrenalectomy , Animals , Glycyrrhizic Acid/pharmacology , Male , Metabolic Syndrome , Palm Oil , Plant Oils/pharmacokinetics , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Tocotrienols/pharmacokineticsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Peripheral lymphocoele is a recognized complication after various forms of surgery. This is a case report of a calf lymphocoele after surgery for varicose veins by ambulatory phlebectomy. METHOD: The reported incidence, pathology and possible treatment methods are discussed. CONCLUSION: Phlebectomy practitioners need to be aware of the possibility of this complication.
Subject(s)
Lymphocele/etiology , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Varicose Veins/surgery , Vascular Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Aged , Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Chronic Disease , Humans , Lymphocele/diagnostic imaging , Lymphocele/surgery , Male , Postoperative Complications/diagnostic imaging , Postoperative Complications/surgery , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Venous ulcers are common in clinical practice. They are due to end stage skin and subcutaneous damage from sustained venous hypertension. The common cause may be post thrombotic syndrome or primary superficial venous insufficiency. This case illustrates the need to think of inherited thrombophilia as a primary cause.
