ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide. In Iran, the incidence of gastric cancer is well above the world average, and is the first common cancer in Iranian men and the third one in women. Located at chromosome 14q23, SIX1 is a homolog of the Drosophila 'sine oculis' (so) gene and is highly conserved in numerous species. In addition to the role of SIX1 in the development, its expression is frequently dysregulated in multiple cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological features of the expression of SIX1 gene in gastric adenocarcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty pairs of gastric tissue samples from patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were evaluated for SIX1 gene expression using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A paired t-test or one-way ANOVA with post hoc multiple comparisons were used to analyze the differences between groups. Statistical significance was defined as P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: SIX1 expression was decreased in tumoral samples. However, its expression increased significantly in diffuse-type gastric cancer. Furthermore, there was a trend toward statistical significance in increasing SIX1 gene expression with higher grades. Of note, the difference was significant between grades I and III. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that SIX1 gene expression might be used in the future as a potential biomarker to predict the outcome of the disease as diffuse-type and grade III of gastric tumors are associated with poor prognosis.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is the second and fourth most common cancer in Iranian men and women, respectively, but it is the first leading cause of cancer deaths in Iran. Most Iranian patients with gastric cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage of disease when the conventional treatments have no effect on improving the survival. So, early gastric cancer detection is of high priority in order to decrease its high mortality rate in Iran. HOTAIR is a long non-coding RNA which its overexpression has been documented in different types of human cancer and can be considered as a potential cancer biomarker. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological relevance of the expression of HOTAIR gene in gastric carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 tumoral and non-tumoral gastric specimens were evaluated for HOTAIR gene expression using quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: The expression of HOTAIR was markedly increased in gastric cancer tissues compared with adjacent non-tumoral tissues. We further showed that there was a positive significant correlation between the HOTAIR gene expression, TNM staging, perineural invasion, and distant metastasis, but not with other clinicopathological features of gastric tumors. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that HOTAIR expression is modulated during gastric cancer progression and therefore may participate in molecular processes relevant to malignant transformation and metastasis in gastric carcinoma.
ABSTRACT
As the second most frequent cause of cancer death, gastric cancer is a common disease worldwide. Most of the patients are being diagnosed in the stage that conventional treatments are not effective, and invasion and metastases lead to death. So, identification of novel molecular markers to improve early diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of the gastric cancer is a necessity. EYA1 is a member of EYA family which their deregulation has been demonstrated in several types of cancer. The aim of this study was to assess EYA1 gene expression in tissues of the gastric cancer patients and to investigate its correlation with clinicopathological parameters. A total of 60 tumor and non-tumor gastric specimens were evaluated for EYA1 gene expression using quantitative real-time PCR. The EYA1 expression decreased significantly in gastric tumor tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. We further showed that there was a negative correlation between the EYA1 gene expression levels, tumor size, lymphatic invasion and distant metastasis. In conclusion, EYA1 might be used as a potential biomarker for monitoring gastric carcinoma progression rate. Further studies to determine the mechanism of action of EYA1 is needed to unravel the role of this gene in gastric cancer pathogenesis.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/genetics , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Gastric Mucosa/metabolism , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics , Nuclear Proteins/genetics , Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics , Stomach Neoplasms/genetics , Adenocarcinoma/secondary , Aged , Disease Progression , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Stomach Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Previous studies demonstrate that changes in pre-mRNA splicing play a significant role in human disease development. Furthermore, many cancer-associated genes are regulated by alternative splicing. There are mounting evidences that splice variants which express predominantly in tumors, have clear diagnostic value and may provide potential drug targets. Located on the X chromosome, ZFX gene functions as a transcription regulator for self-renewal of stem cells. This gene has 5 splice variants that encode 3 isoforms. In the present study, we evaluated the clinicopathological relevance of the expression of ZFX isoform 3/variant 5 gene in gastric carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 tumoral and non-tumoral gastric specimens were evaluated for ZFX isoform 3/variant 5 gene expression using quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: Our results showed that the expression of ZFX isoform 3/variant 5 transcript was heterogeneous in gastric specimens. We further showed that there was a positive correlation between the variant expression and tumor size, but not with other clinicopathological features of gastric tumors. CONCLUSION: This report shows that the expression of ZFX isoform 3/variant 5 transcript was heterogeneous in gastric specimens. Furthermore, there was no significant association between ZFX isoform 3/variant 5 expression and most of clinicopathological features of gastric tumors except for a positive correlation with tumor size. The elucidation of the precise molecular mechanisms governed by the ZFX isoforms/variants needs further investigation.
