ABSTRACT
SETTING: Tuberculosis (TB) incidence is declining overall in France, but not in Paris where some areas remain relative hot spots for TB.OBJECTIVES: To obtain a better knowledge of local TB epidemiology in order to facilitate control measures.DESIGN: Analysis of demographic data of TB patients diagnosed at the Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital from 2007 to 2016, with spoligotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates.RESULTS: During the study period, 1096 TB patients were analysed. The incidence of TB diagnosis was stable, averaging 115 patients per year, predominantly males (71%), foreign-born (81%), with pulmonary TB (77%) and negative HIV serology (88%). The mean age of foreign-born TB patients decreased over the study period, most significantly in recent arrivals in France, whose average age decreased by two years (P = 0.001). The time period between arrival in France and being diagnosed with active TB decreased annually significantly by 0.75 years (P = 0.02). The proportion of L4.6.2/Cameroon and L2/Beijing sub-lineages increased annually by 0.7% (P < 0.05). Multi-drug resistant strains, representing 4% of all strains, increased annually by 0.75% (P = 0.03)CONCLUSION: The number of TB patients remained high in northern Paris and the surrounding suburbs, suggesting the need for increased control measures.
Subject(s)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant , Tuberculosis , Beijing , Cameroon , Child, Preschool , France/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Paris/epidemiology , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Blasts can cause specific lesions requiring specialized care. After an explosion, primary blast injury (due to the shock wave), secondary blast injury (due to shrapnel) or tertiary blast injury (due to the victim being displaced by the blast) can occur. Secondary and tertiary blasts are much more frequent than primary blasts and can lead to polytrauma. Burns occur in 5% of cases and are termed quaternary blast lesions, which include lesions not due to the above-mentioned mechanisms. Care of secondary and tertiary blasts does not differ to that for any polytrauma. Primary pulmonary blast worsens the prognosis of more serious patients, but seldom requires specific care. Knowledge of both pathophysiologic and injury characteristics would allow better care of seriously burned-blasted patients. We report a case of primary pulmonary blast in a burn patient.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) constitute a major public health concern. OBJECTIVE: To determine the timing of pncA mutations that confer pyrazinamide (PZA) resistance in relation to mutations conferring resistance to isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP). DESIGN: Isolates from two major urban centres--Paris (101 strains) and Shanghai (171 strains)--were investigated for the association of pncA mutations with resistance to drugs other than PZA. RESULTS: The proportion of pncA mutations found in INH-monoresistant strains was not increased. CONCLUSION: pncA mutations associated with PZA resistance were found almost exclusively in MDR-TB strains, underlining the importance of determining PZA resistance when treating MDR- or XDR-TB.
