Deep decarbonization options for the agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) sector in Africa: a systematic literature review.

Greenhouse gases (GHG) emanating from agriculture, forestry, and other land use (AFOLU) sector are among top contributors to anthropogenic climate change in Africa and globally. Minimizing AFOLU sector GHG emissions in Africa is notoriously hard because of difficulties in emission estimation, the disperse nature of AFOLU emissions, and the complex links between AFOLU activities and poverty reduction. Yet, there are very few systematic reviews dealing with decarbonization pathways for the AFOLU sector in Africa. This article explores the options for achieving deep decarbonization of AFOLU sector in Africa, through a systematic review. Using the method of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA Statement), 46 studies of interest were selected from the databases of Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Four sub-themes were identified from the critical review of the selected studies covering key decarbonization approaches used in AFOLU sector. The literature suggests that while forest management and reforestation reduction of GHG in animal production and climate-smart practices in agriculture hold great promises for AFOLU sector decarbonization in Africa, there appears to be very limited coherent policy in the continent addressing any of these AFOLU sub-sectors.

Forecasted data of prices for the most common households' fuels utilized in Nigeria during the period 2010-2024.

The most common household fuel utilized in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria is kerosene, liquified petroleum of gas (LPG), firewood, charcoal, and electricity. These energy commodities are contributing to simplify people's life. They are used in satisfying energy demands such as cooking, heating, and lighting for every single home. The energy prices were collected from 2010 to 2021, and we forecasted from 2022 to 2024. There is data available from 2010-2021 about prices for some of these commodities, but they are scattered, narrow, and in some cases, there is just a general-referred value for the whole nation and only for a single year from the past. These situations have limited the development of economic studies which undertake analyses regarding consumers' behavior. The forecasted fares for kerosene and LPG were calculated under the basis of accessible information but limited by the National Bureau of Statistics of Nigeria. The available electricity tariffs were collected from the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission from the existing eleven private electricity distribution companies (DISCOS). In the case of firewood and charcoal, the costs were estimated departing from the research work of Gujba et al. [1]. In the second part, we specify the way how data was obtained and its treatment for specific time periods. The statistics include the values for each fuel in the different geopolitical regions and for the most popular presentations available to the end customers. The forecasting was developed for past and future years during the under-study period of time. The information presented in the article refers to the research study: Urban and rural household energy transition in Sub-Saharan Africa: Does spatial heterogeneity reveal the direction of the transition?

The impact of climate variability and change on the energy system: A systematic scoping review.

The energy system is a vital infrastructure which can be vulnerable to climate variability and change (CV&C) impacts. Understanding the impacts can prevent disruption and inform policy decision making. This study applied a scoping review in a systematic manner following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines to identify consistent patterns of CV&C impacts on the energy system, map and locate research gaps in the literature. A total of 176 studies were identified as eligible for inclusion in the review. This study found evidence of consistent increase in energy demand for Africa, the Americas and Asian continent. Consistent decrease was found in Northern and Eastern Europe, while increase in residential demand was projected in Oceania. There was evidence of consistent decrease in thermal power plant output globally. Solar photovoltaic showed a robust consistent pattern of increase in the Caribbean and Central America, Northern and Southern Africa and Oceania. As the global climate is changing in a future that is highly uncertain, the energy system should also evolve in order to adapt to the changing climate. Future impact assessment must integrate the impact of CV&C on power demand and supply while consider socioeconomic dynamics, cross-sectoral linkages and back-loops in a complete energy system model.