ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether or not tumor volume (TV) has an impact on survival in non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS: In a retrospective analysis of 385 cases with NSCLC who underwent curative surgery between 1994 and 2003, we calculated the tumor volume by using an ellipsoidal formula. The patients were grouped according to TV as determined by histograms. Gender, age, histology, nodal involvement, size, and TV were analyzed. Multivariate analysis by Cox's proportional hazards regression model was performed to identify the prognosis. RESULTS: Cases of N0 showed a significantly lower TV than cases with other N statuses (p < 0.05). A significant difference was also observed between TV and histology or gender. The 189 patients belonging to the small volume group (SVG) (range, 0.105 to 9.265 cm3) had a significantly better overall survival rate than the other 196 patients in the large volume group (LVG) (9.266-366.522 cm3). With univariate analysis, gender, age, nodal involvement, size, and TV were significantly associated with prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that only gender (p = 0.0184) and nodal involvement (p = 0.0001) were significantly independent prognostic factors. The size factor was not significant (p = 0.5285). However, TV was not an independent factor, but trending toward significance (p = 0.0801). CONCLUSIONS: Although TV provides no independent prognostic information with multivariate analysis, TV in NSCLC should be considered using volumetric measurement with a three-dimensional CT approach prior to surgery or treatment planning.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Pneumonectomy , Aged , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Male , Models, Theoretical , Neoplasm Staging/methods , Prognosis , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Surgical resection may continue to offer the best chance of long-term survival for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Generally, patients with N2 NSCLC have a poor prognosis. However, the surgical treatment of patients with N2 remains controversial as in these patients, some N2 subgroups have better prognoses than others. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the factors associated with N2, and to determine whether such factors are reliable predictors of survival. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 142 non-small cell lung cancer patients with T1-3 N2 in whom a curative approach had been attempted between January 1994 and December 2003. The patients were consequently divided into four groups (NS-1, no subcarinal involvement and without N1; NS-2, no subcarinal involvement and with N1; SI-1, subcarinal involvement and without upper mediastinal site; SI-2, subcarinal involvement and with upper mediastinal site). We also evaluated two groups for N2 stations (single-station N2 versus multiple-station N2). Multivariate analysis by Cox's proportional hazards regression model was performed to identify the prognosis. RESULTS: Lobectomy was carried out in 105 of the patients; bilobectomy in 10, and pneumonectomy in 27. The patients with T1-3 N2 disease showed survival rates of 34.1 % at 3 years and 24.1 % at 5 years. The overall survival rates at 3 years and 5 years were as follows: NS-1, 56.3 % and 43.2 %; NS-2, 35.4 % and 29.5 %; SI-1, 16.7 % and 0 %; SI-2, 15.4 % and 0 %, respectively. The NS-1 group had better prognoses than the other groups. There was a significant difference in survival rates within each group ( p = 0.0005). In univariate analysis, the type of surgery, type of subcarinal involvement, and multiple-station N2 were significantly associated with prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that NS-1 was only found to be an independent prognostic factor in cases of T1-3 N2 disease ( p = 0.0018). NS-2 was not an independent factor but tended toward significance ( p = 0.0681). But multiple-station N2 was not an independent factor ( p = 0.1549). CONCLUSIONS: Surgery for patients with T1-3 N2 NSCLC might be acceptable if subcarinal lymph node metastasis is predicted to be absent.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Aged , Analysis of Variance , Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/pathology , Carcinoma, Large Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Lymphatic Metastasis , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , Proportional Hazards Models , Pulmonary Surgical Procedures , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Survival Analysis , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The brain is one of the most common sites of metastasis from lung cancer. The strategies of treatment for non-small cell lung cancer patient with synchronous brain metastases (stage IV) is controversial. We evaluate retrospectively the effectiveness of surgical treatment for these patients. Forty patients were divided into 3 groups on the basis of surgical treatment, group A of patients received both lung and brain resection, group B of patients received lung resection plus gamma knife therapy, group C of patients received brain resection. Median survival from the date of diagnosis of brain metastasis was as follows: group A 331 days, group B 151 days and group C 92 days. Univariate analysis revealed that adenocarcinoma histology and serum LDH significantly affected survival. Multivariate analysis found that only adeocarcinoma histology also affected the survival. It is concluded that surgical treatment may acceptable in selected group of non-small cell lung cancer patients with synchronous brain metastases.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/secondary , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/secondary , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Adenocarcinoma/secondary , Brain Neoplasms/mortality , Brain Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Brain Neoplasms/surgery , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality , Cranial Irradiation , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/mortality , Male , Multivariate Analysis , Pneumonectomy , Radiosurgery , Retrospective Studies , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The surgical indications for non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are not well known. A classification of severity in COPD has been newly recommended by the US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, based on this new system of classification, we review here a series of NSCLC patients with COPD who underwent lung resection at our hospital and attempt to identify the survival and morbidity of such patients. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the patients with NSCLC treated at our hospital between January 1994 and December 2002. Among these 640 patients, a curative approach was attempted in 50 with COPD (31 lobectomies, 11 segmentectomies, 8 bilobectomies). The patients were consequently divided into two groups (moderate group and severe group) according to the Global Iinitiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung disease (GOLD). Lung function was evaluated by FEV1 and FVC, and the survival rates were analyzed at 5 years. Postoperative morbidity was also compared between the two groups. RESULTS: FEV1 was 1.527 +/- 0.311 L in the moderate group compared with 1.025 +/- 0.224 L in the severe group ( p < 0.001). Postoperative decrease in FEV1 was lower compared to the predicted data of patients who underwent surgery for NSCLC with COPD. Postoperative pulmonary support such as mechanical ventilation or tracheotomy were necessary more frequently in the severe group. A significant difference was observed between the two groups in respiratory support ( p = 0.0102). Overall 5-year survival rate for NSCLC with COPD was 73.9 %, although there was no statistically significant difference between the moderate and severe groups in terms of survival. Lobectomy and segmentectomy show a remarkable advantage for the patients with bilobectomy, although this difference was not statistically significant. On the other hand, gender, degree of COPD, and histological type were shown to be not significant factors. Survival rate of these NSCLC patients with COPD were demonstrated to be comparable to those of the NSCLC patients without COPD in stages I and II. CONCLUSION: Stringent selection of candidates among NSCLC patients with a severe grade of COPD based on GOLD could be an acceptable and valuable approach compared to conventional patients without COPD, although NSCLC with severe COPD patients more frequently needed respiratory support.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery , Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology , Aged , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality , Comorbidity , Female , Forced Expiratory Volume , Humans , Male , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Respiration, Artificial , Survival Analysis , Vital CapacityABSTRACT
AIMS: A micropapillary pattern (MPP) in lung adenocarcinoma, characterized by papillary structures with epithelial tufts lacking a central fibrovascular core, has been reported to be a new pathological marker of poor prognosis. However, its clinicopathological and prognostic significance in small lung adenocarcinomas (=20 mm) remains undetermined. A new histological classification of small lung adenocarcinoma proposed by Noguchi et al. has been found to be useful since it has defined surgically curable bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC)-type tumours (Noguchi's type A and B) based on the absence of active fibroblastic proliferation. However, BAC-type tumours with active fibroblastic proliferation (Noguchi's type C), which is adenocarcinoma with mixed subtypes including BAC and invasive carcinoma in the new World Health Organization (WHO) classification, account for most of the small adenocarcinomas and represent a heterogeneous group ranging from minimal to overtly invasive cancer with variable prognoses. Therefore, in this study the aim was to investigate whether MPP can be an additional histological marker(s) to subclassify this heterogeneous group in small lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-two cases of small lung adenocarcinomas (=20 mm in maximum dimension) classified according to the new WHO classification and Noguchi's proposal were analysed with reference to the presence of MPP. Of the 122 cases, 67 (55%) were MPP-positive and 55 (45%) were MPP-negative. Lymph node metastasis and pleural invasion were significantly more frequent in the MPP-positive group: 74% and 66% in the positive group versus 26% and 34% in the negative group, respectively. The 5-year survival of the MPP-positive group was 54%, whereas that of the MPP-negative group was 81% (P=0.024). The 5-year survival rates of BAC (Noguchi's type A and B) (n=14), mixed BAC and invasive adenocarcinoma (Noguchi's type C) (n=85) and invasive adenocarcinoma (Noguchi's type D and F) (n=23) were 100%, 68% and 36%, respectively. In patients with mixed BAC and invasive adenocarcinoma (Noguchi's type C tumours), the 5-year survival of the MPP-positive group (n=51) was 54%, significantly lower than that of the MPP-negative group (n=23) of 100% (P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: MPP is a simple and distinct pathological marker to subclassify tumours with a significantly poor prognosis within small (=20 mm) mixed BAC and invasive adenocarcinoma (Noguchi's type C tumours).
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar/pathology , Adenocarcinoma, Papillary/pathology , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/classification , Lung Neoplasms/mortality , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , Survival Analysis , Survival RateABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Surgical efficacy is still unsatisfactory for small lung cancer; accordingly, minimal resection has recently been the focus of increased study. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the factors associated with small lung cancer, and to determine whether such factors are reliable predictors of long-term survival. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated 130 patients with histologically confirmed non-small cell carcinoma, whose treatments were primarily surgical, with no chemotherapy or radiotherapy prior to surgery. All tumors were located peripherally and were less than 20 mm in diameter. Follow-up was performed for five-year and eight-year survivors and multivariate analysis with Cox's proportional hazards regression model was performed. RESULTS: Of all 130 patients, the 5-year survival rate among patients with tumors less than 15 mm was 82.5 %, vs. 57.4 % of patients with tumors with a diameter of 16 - 20 mm. The 5-year survival rate of patients who were node negative was 73.9 % while it was 28.5 % for node-positive patients. Status of nodal invasion was also significantly associated with survival in small-size tumors ( p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the 5-year survival rate among patients with pleural involvement was 55 % vs. 83.8 % for patients without pleural involvement. Using multivariate Cox analysis, lymph node involvement ( p = 0.0004), size ( p = 0.0475), and pleural invasion ( p = 0.0482) were found to be independent prognostic factors in cases of tumors 20 mm or less in diameter. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study at least demonstrate that the optimal therapy for patients with nodal involvement or patients with tumors of 16 - 20 mm must be carefully determined even in cases of small lung cancer.