ABSTRACT
We compared characteristics of HIV diagnosis and recent HIV infection (ie, likely acquired within the last year) in Cambodia. We included individuals ≥ 15 years old accessing HIV testing. From August 2020 to August 2022, 53 031 people were tested for HIV, 6868 were newly diagnosed, and 192 were recently infected. We found differences in geographical burden and risk behaviors with diagnosis and recency (eg, men who have sex with men, transgender women, and entertainment workers had a nearly 2-fold increased odds of testing positive for recent infection compared to being diagnosed with HIV). Recent infection surveillance may provide unique insights into ongoing HIV acquisition to inform programs.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections , Sexual and Gender Minorities , Transgender Persons , Male , Humans , Female , Adolescent , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Homosexuality, Male , Cambodia/epidemiology , Mass ScreeningABSTRACT
The WHO recommends antiretroviral therapy (ART) for most HIV-infected tuberculosis patients. To assess the impact of ART on tuberculosis case-fatality rates in Cambodia, we compared treatment outcomes of patients newly diagnosed with tuberculosis in 2004 (before implementation of ART clinics) with outcomes of patients diagnosed in 2005 (after these clinics opened). In 2004, 37% of HIV-infected tuberculosis patients died during TB treatment compared with 5% of HIV-uninfected tuberculosis patients. In 2005, 18% of HIV-infected tuberculosis patients died compared with 5% of HIV-uninfected tuberculosis patients. The case-fatality rate for HIV-associated tuberculosis decreased from 2004 to 2005, coincident with the introduction of ART.
