ABSTRACT
The mechanism of enteroviral inactivation by ozone was investigated with poliovirus 1 (Mahoney) as the model virus. Ozone was observed to alter two of the four polypeptide chains present in the viral protein coat of poliovirus 1. However, the alteration of the protein coat did not significantly impair virus adsorption or alter the integrity of the virus particle. Damage to the viral RNA after exposure to ozone was demonstrated by velocity sedimentation analysis. It was concluded that the damage to the viral nucleic acid is the major cause of poliovirus 1 inactivation by ozone.
Subject(s)
Ozone/pharmacology , Poliovirus/drug effects , Poliovirus/analysis , Poliovirus/physiology , RNA, Viral , Viral Envelope Proteins , Viral ProteinsABSTRACT
The kinetics of inactivation of six enteric viruses plus simian virus 40 and Kilham rat virus by free available chlorine was studied under carefully controlled laboratory conditions. It was found that the different virus types demonstrated a wide range of susceptibility to chlorine disinfection. The rate of inactivation was greater at pH 6 than at pH 10; however, the relative susceptibilities of the different viruses were affected differently by a change in pH, suggesting that the pH influenced both the species of chlorine present and the susceptibility of the different viruses to chlorine. The presence of potassium chloride also affected the susceptibility of viruses to chlorine.
Subject(s)
Chlorine/pharmacology , Enterovirus/drug effects , Parvoviridae/drug effects , Parvovirus/drug effects , Simian virus 40/drug effects , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Enterovirus B, Human/drug effects , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Poliovirus/drug effects , Species Specificity , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Disinfection , Ozone/pharmacology , Sterilization , Candida , Mycobacterium , Sewage , Water MicrobiologyABSTRACT
Simultaneous removal of organic materials and recovery of protein in the form of bacterial cells from a simulated high strength biodegradable wastewater was studied using thermophilic aerobic microorganisms. A naturally occurring mixed culture of thermophilic microorganisms was obtained from soil, wastewater, hay, silage, etc. A chemically defined medium containing glucose along with other essential nutrients was employed as the feed. The kinetic behavior of the culture was studied in a continuous culture at an optimum temperature of 58 degrees C. Studies were were also performed on the effects of solids retention time (SRT) on the observed cell yield and the protein and ash content of the harvested biomass. An economic analysis of the process for single cell protein recovery was given.
