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1.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses ; 14(4): 420-428, 2020 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32410358

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Ambulance dispatches could be useful for syndromic surveillance of severe respiratory infections. We evaluated whether ambulance dispatch calls of highest urgency reflect the circulation of influenza A virus, influenza B virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus, adenovirus, coronavirus, parainfluenzavirus and human metapneumovirus (hMPV). METHODS: We analysed calls from four ambulance call centres serving 25% of the population in the Netherlands (2014-2016). The chief symptom and urgency level is recorded during triage; we restricted our analysis to calls with the highest urgency and identified those compatible with a respiratory syndrome. We modelled the relation between respiratory syndrome calls (RSC) and respiratory virus trends using binomial regression with identity link function. RESULTS: We included 211 739 calls, of which 15 385 (7.3%) were RSC. Proportion of RSC showed periodicity with winter peaks and smaller interseasonal increases. Overall, 15% of RSC were attributable to respiratory viruses (20% in out-of-office hour calls). There was large variation by age group: in <15 years, only RSV was associated and explained 11% of RSC; in 15-64 years, only influenza A (explained 3% of RSC); and in ≥65 years adenovirus explained 9% of RSC, distributed throughout the year, and hMPV (4%) and influenza A (1%) mainly during the winter peaks. Additionally, rhinovirus was associated with total RSC. CONCLUSION: High urgency ambulance dispatches reflect the burden of different respiratory viruses and might be useful to monitor the respiratory season overall. Influenza plays a smaller role than other viruses: RSV is important in children while adenovirus and hMPV are the biggest contributors to emergency calls in the elderly.


Subject(s)
Ambulances , Emergency Medical Dispatch/statistics & numerical data , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/virology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Netherlands/epidemiology , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Seasons , Young Adult
2.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 26(1): 148-150, 2020 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31855528

ABSTRACT

Ambulance dispatches for respiratory syndromes reflect incidence of influenza-like illness in primary care. Associations are highest in children (15%-34% of respiratory calls attributable to influenza), out-of-office hours (9%), and highest urgency-level calls (9%-11%). Ambulance dispatches might be an additional source of data for severe influenza surveillance.


Subject(s)
Emergency Medical Dispatch/statistics & numerical data , Population Surveillance/methods , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Ambulances/statistics & numerical data , Child , Humans , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Young Adult
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