ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: In Congo, data on diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in children are old and rare. This study aims to describe the sociodemographic features of DKA and to identify risk factors for mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted an analytical study on DKA in childred at the University Hospital in Brazzaville over the period from January 2013 to June 2016. We examined the socio-demographic, clinical, paraclinical and evolutionary variables. Chi-Square Test, Fisher's exact test and odds ratio were used in the univariate analysis process and logistic regression model in the multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Out of 172 children hospitalized with diabetes 55 (31%) were hospitalized with ketoacidosis. They were girls (33; 60%) with an average age of 11.1± 4.9 years (ranging from 1 months to 17 years), 61.8% of parents came from low socioeconomic status. Ketoacidosis was the revealing symptom in 67.2 % of cases. The diagnosis made before hospitalization was wrong (50%). The triggering factor was often an infection (52.7%). Mortality rate was 12.7%. The risk factors for mortality in the univariate analysis were: age < 5 years (p=0,000006), average consultation time higher than 7 days (p= 0.001), severe dehydration (p = 0.0006), hemodynamic disorders (p= 0.0006), severe undernutrition (p= 0.02), Glasgow Coma Scale < 9 (p= 0.007) and diarrhea (p= 0.001). CONCLUSION: The importance and the seriousness of ketoacidosis impose preventive measures based on awareness, information and education campaigns as well as on the management of risk factors for mortality.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Congo/epidemiology , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/diagnosis , Diabetic Ketoacidosis/mortality , Female , Glasgow Coma Scale , Hospitals, University , Humans , Infant , Logistic Models , Male , Multivariate Analysis , Parents , Prognosis , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Introduction. Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer les conditions de prise en charge des traumatismes crâniens de l'enfant au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Brazzaville. Méthodologie. Nous avons revu les dossiers des enfants âgés d'un mois à 17 ans, hospitalisés dans le service de chirurgie polyvalente du CHU de Brazzaville entre janvier 2014 et décembre 2015, et avons retenu ceux qui l'étaient pour un traumatisme crânien. Les paramètres épidémiologiques, diagnostiques, thérapeutiques et évolutifs ont été analysés. Résultats. sur 66 enfant hospitalisés, 48 (72,72%) ont été admis pour un traumatisme crânien et parmi eux 45 (68,18%) enfants ont été inclus dont 33 garçons et 12 filles. Leur âge moyen était de 9,73 ans. Le traumatisme était consécutif à un accident de la voie publique dans 36 cas (80%), à une chute dans 6 cas (13,33%), et à une agression dans 3 cas (6,66%). Le score de Glasgow était inférieur ou égal à huit dans 12 cas (26,66%), compris entre 9 et 12 dans 25 cas (55,55%) et entre 13 et 15 dans 8 cas (17,77%). Le scanner crânio-encéphalique était réalisé en moyenne quatre jours après le traumatisme. Quatre enfants (8,88%) ont été opérés. L'évolution après 12 mois était favorable pour 26 enfants (78,79%) et 12 enfants ont été perdus de vue. Conclusion. la fréquence élevée des traumatismes crâniens chez l'enfant est liée aux accidents de la voie publique. Une prise en charge adéquate nécessite la disponibilité d'un scanner cranioencéphalique en urgence. Nous préconisons un renforcement de l'éducation et la communication s'agissant les accidents de la voie publique et la facilitation de l'accès à l'imagerie
Subject(s)
Academic Medical Centers , Child , Congo , Craniocerebral Trauma/diagnosis , Craniocerebral Trauma/epidemiology , Disease ManagementABSTRACT
Few studies have analyzed the gut microbiota of child in unindustrialized countries, but none during the first month of life. Stool samples were collected from healthy newborns in hospitals of Gabon (n = 6) and Republic of the Congo (n = 9) at different time points during the first month of life: meconium, day 2 (D02), day 7 (D07) and day 28 (D28). In addition, one fecal sample was collected from each mother after delivery. Metagenomic sequencing was performed to determine the bacterial communities, and multiplex real-time PCR was used to detect the presence of seven enteric viruses (rotavirus a, adenovirus, norovirus I and II, sapovirus, astrovirus, enterovirus) in these samples. Bacterial diversity was high in the first days of life, and was dominated by the genus Prevotella. Then, it rapidly decreased and remained low up to D28 when the gut flora was composed almost exclusively of strictly anaerobic bacteria. Each infant's fecal bacterial microbiota composition was significantly closer to that of their mother than to that of any other woman in the mothers' group, suggesting an intrauterine, placental or amniotic fluid origin of such bacteria. Moreover, bacterial communities differed according to the delivery mode. Overall, the bacterial microbiota communities displayed a similar diversification and expansion in newborns within and between countries during the first four weeks of life. Moreover, six of the fifteen infants of this study harbored enteric viruses (rotavirus, enterovirus and adenovirus) in fecal samples, but never in the meconium. A maternal source for the viruses detected at D02 and D07 can be excluded because none of them was found also in the child's mother. These findings improve our knowledge on the gut bacterial and viral communities of infants from two Sub-Saharan countries during their first month of life.
