Diagnóstico comunitario mediante técnicas cualitativas de las expectativas y vivencias en salud de una zona necesitada de transformación social / Community diagnosis using qualitative techniques of expectations and experiences in a health area in need of social transformation

Objetivo: Conocer las opiniones, vivencias y expectativas sobre la atención prestada por el Sistema Sanitario Público Andaluz (SSPA) de los usuarios de una zona urbana necesitada de transformación social (ZNTS). Diseño: Metodología cualitativa, estudio exploratorio. Emplazamiento: Zona básica de salud urbana (16.000 habitantes; 40% ZNTS). Participantes: Usuarios del SSPA mediante muestreo intencional de usuarios y líderes de la comunidad. Criterios de homogeneidad: edad. Criterios de heterogeneidad: sexo, frecuentación, activo/pensionista, nivel cultural/económico. Intervenciones principales: Técnicas conversacionales registradas mediante videograbación y moderadas por una socióloga (grupos de discusión para usuarios y entrevistas en profundidad para líderes sociales). Análisis con transcripción literal de los discursos, codificación, triangulación de categorías y obtención de resultados. Resultados: Siete grupos (43 participantes; 58% ZNTS) y 6 líderes sociales. Se desea continuidad en la atención y libre elección de profesionales, criticando cambios sin información previa y la discontinuidad atención primaria/hospitalaria. Hay mala accesibilidad física por el entorno urbano y críticas a los servicios de admisión y los trámites burocráticos; la cita previa y la receta electrónica son mejoras pero solicitan más derivaciones y revisiones hospitalarias. Hay buena valoración de los profesionales (atención primaria-mayor cercanía, hospital-mayor capacidad técnica). Se precisa mejorar la formación de enfermería y la rapidez de la asistencia urgente. Hay falta de liderazgo en la organización del SSPA, muy fragmentada. Se conoce una oferta de servicios centrada en la demanda asistencial, siendo poco difundidas otras actividades. Conclusión: El SSPA debe incorporar las opiniones y expectativas de las comunidades en riesgo social para una mejora real de la calidad asistencial (AU)

Objective: To know the views, experiences and expectations of care provided by the Andalusian Public Health System (SSPA) of users of an urban area in need of social transformation (ZNTS). Design: Qualitative methodology (exploratory study). Location: Urban basic health zone (16,000 inhabitants, 40% ZNTS). Participants: Purposive sampling of users of SSPA and community leaders. Homogeneity criteria: age. Heterogeneity criteria: sex, frequency, active/pensioner, level cultural/economic. Main interventions: Conversational techniques recorded by videotape and moderated by a sociologist (user dicussion groups and in-depth interviews for community leaders). Analysis: transcription of speeches, coding, categories triangulation and final outcome. Results: Seven groups (43 participants, 58% ZNTS) and 6 leaders. They want continuity of care and choice of professionals, but not the medical change without information and attention's discontinuity primary care/hospital. There's bad physical accesibility by the urban environment in the ZNTS and is criticized admission services and paperwork; the programmed appointment and the electronic prescriptions are improvements but asking more hospital referrals and reviews. There's good appreciation of the professionals (primary care-closer, hospital-greater technical capacity). It needs to improve nursing education and speed of emergency assistance. There's a lack of leadership in the system organization, very fragmented. They know a range of services focusing on the demand for care; other health activities not spread to the users. Conclusion; The SSPA should incorporate the views and expectations of communities in social risk to a real improvement in the quality of care (AU)

[Community diagnosis using qualitative techniques of expectations and experiences in a health area in need of social transformation]. / Diagnóstico comunitario mediante técnicas cualitativas de las expectativas y vivencias en salud de una zona necesitada de transformación social.

OBJECTIVE: To know the views, experiences and expectations of care provided by the Andalusian Public Health System (SSPA) of users of an urban area in need of social transformation (ZNTS). DESIGN: Qualitative methodology (exploratory study). LOCATION: Urban basic health zone (16,000 inhabitants, 40% ZNTS). PARTICIPANTS: Purposive sampling of users of SSPA and community leaders. Homogeneity criteria: age. Heterogeneity criteria: sex, frequency, active/pensioner, level cultural/economic. MAIN INTERVENTIONS: Conversational techniques recorded by videotape and moderated by a sociologist (user dicussion groups and in-depth interviews for community leaders). ANALYSIS: transcription of speeches, coding, categories triangulation and final outcome. RESULTS: Seven groups (43 participants, 58% ZNTS) and 6 leaders. They want continuity of care and choice of professionals, but not the medical change without information and attention's discontinuity primary care/hospital. There's bad physical accesibility by the urban environment in the ZNTS and is criticized admission services and paperwork; the programmed appointment and the electronic prescriptions are improvements but asking more hospital referrals and reviews. There's good appreciation of the professionals (primary care-closer, hospital-greater technical capacity). It needs to improve nursing education and speed of emergency assistance. There's a lack of leadership in the system organization, very fragmented. They know a range of services focusing on the demand for care; other health activities not spread to the users. CONCLUSION: The SSPA should incorporate the views and expectations of communities in social risk to a real improvement in the quality of care.