ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence and gender distributions of dental anomalies in French orthodontic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective review of the dental files of orthodontic patients was conducted to investigate the frequencies of dental anomalies. Pretreatment intraoral photographs and panoramic radiographs were analyzed. The occurrence rates of various dental anomalies (as determined by the numbers, shapes, structures, exfoliations, and eruptions of teeth) were calculated as percentages and differences in gender distribution using Chi2 and Fisher tests. RESULTS: Five hundred fifty-one patients receiving orthodontic treatment between 2003 and 2013 at a French hospital were included in the study: 45.74% of the patients (n=252) presented at least one dental anomaly. Taurodontism was the most common (15.06%), followed by ectopic eruption (11.43%). Odontoma, macrodontia, fusion, gemination, talon cusp, dentinogenesis imperfecta, regional odontodysplasia, premature tooth eruption, and premature exfoliation were not found. No statistically significant correlations were found between gender and the occurrence of dental anomalies. CONCLUSION: French orthodontic patients exhibit a high rate of dental anomalies, indicating that dental anomalies should be carefully considered in the orodental management of French patients.
Subject(s)
Tooth Abnormalities/epidemiology , Adolescent , Child , Female , France/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Orthodontics/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to compare the bone colonization of a macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate (MBCP) ceramic in different sites (femur, tibia, and calvaria) in two animal species (rats and rabbits). A critical size defect model was used in all cases with implantation for 21 days. Bone colonization in the empty and MBCP-filled defects was measured with the use of backscattered electron microscopy (BSEM). In the empty cavities, bone healing remained on the edges, and did not bridge the critical size defects. Bone growth was observed in all the implantation sites in rats (approximately 13.6-36.6% of the total defect area, with ceramic ranging from 46.1 to 51.9%). The bone colonization appeared statistically higher in the femur of rabbits (48.5%) than in the tibia (12.6%) and calvaria (22.9%) sites. This slightly higher degree of bone healing was related to differences in the bone architecture of the implantation sites. Concerning the comparison between animal species, bone colonization appeared greater in rabbits than in rats for the femoral site (48.5% vs. 29.6%). For the other two sites (the tibia and calvaria), there was no statistically significant difference. The increased bone ingrowth observed in rabbit femurs might be due to the large bone surface area in contact with the MBCP ceramics. The femoral epiphysis of rabbits is therefore a favorable model for testing the bone-bonding capacity of materials, but a comparison with other implantation sites is subject to bias. This study shows that well-conducted and fully validated models with the use of small animals are essential in the development of new bone substitutes.
Subject(s)
Bone Substitutes/metabolism , Ceramics/metabolism , Implants, Experimental , Models, Animal , Animals , Bone Substitutes/chemistry , Bone and Bones/cytology , Ceramics/chemistry , Female , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Porosity , Rabbits , RatsABSTRACT
This study compared microleakage at enamel/composite and dentine/composite interfaces following Er:YAG laser, Nd:YAP laser, or acid-etch preparation. Class V cavities produced on the lingual and buccal surfaces of 20 extracted carie- and restoration-free human teeth were randomly assigned to four groups of 10 cavities. Teeth were treated with 37% phosphoric acid and primer (group 1), irradiated with an Er:YAG laser (group 2) or an Nd:YAP laser (group 3), or served as controls (group 4). The specimens were restored with Scotchbond Multipurpose/Z100 (3M), stored in physiological solution at 37 degrees C for 7 days, thermocycled 500 times between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C, placed in a 0.5% solution of basic fuchsin for 48 h, embedded in resin, and sectioned. Microleakage was assessed according to the depth of dye penetration along the restorative composite. The results showed that irradiation with Er:YAG and Nd:YAP lasers did not produce a good seal. Mean microleakage was greater than with acid-etch and statistically comparable to that of control cavities (Kruskal-Wallis test).
