ABSTRACT
Since the discovery of the secondary preventive benefits of antiretroviral therapy, national and international governing bodies have called for countries to reach 90% diagnosis, ART engagement and viral suppression among people living with HIV/AIDS. The US HIV epidemic is dispersed primarily across large urban centers, each with different underlying epidemiological and structural features. We selected six US cities, including Atlanta, Baltimore, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and Seattle, with the objective of demonstrating the breadth of epidemiological and structural differences affecting the HIV/AIDS response across the US. We synthesized current and publicly-available surveillance, legal statutes, entitlement and discretionary funding, and service location data for each city. The vast differences we observed in each domain reinforce disparities in access to HIV treatment and prevention, and necessitate targeted, localized strategies to optimize the limited resources available for each city's HIV/AIDS response.
Subject(s)
Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Capacity Building/organization & administration , Community Health Planning/organization & administration , Epidemics/statistics & numerical data , HIV Infections , Health Resources/organization & administration , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data , Capacity Building/economics , Community Health Planning/economics , Community Health Planning/legislation & jurisprudence , Epidemics/economics , Epidemics/legislation & jurisprudence , Financing, Government/economics , Financing, Government/legislation & jurisprudence , Financing, Government/organization & administration , Government Programs/economics , Government Programs/legislation & jurisprudence , Government Programs/organization & administration , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Health Policy/economics , Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Resources/economics , Health Resources/legislation & jurisprudence , Healthcare Disparities/legislation & jurisprudence , Healthcare Disparities/organization & administration , Healthcare Disparities/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Population Surveillance , Secondary Prevention/economics , Secondary Prevention/legislation & jurisprudence , Secondary Prevention/organization & administration , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/economics , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/prevention & control , United StatesABSTRACT
We have identified an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pair for the efficient and site-specific incorporation of a cyclobutene-containing amino acid into proteins in response to an amber nonsense codon. Fast and fluorescent labeling of purified proteins and intact proteins in live cells was demonstrated using the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction with a tetrazine.