ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging trend in stroke rehabilitation. VR gaming consoles in stroke intervention have been shown to increase motivation and enjoyment during exercise. The amount and intensity of movements elicited using these consoles are unknown. AIMS: The aims of this study were: (1) to quantify the amount and intensity of movement elicited from both hands of two groups of individuals ([chronic stroke and without a disability [healthy]); (2) to determine the effect of console (Wii/EyeToy) and group (stroke/healthy) on the amount and intensity of upper extremity movement; (3) to determine the effect of console (Wii/EyeToy) and group (stroke/healthy) on the usability and VR experience. DESIGN: A cross-sectional design was taken. SETTING: Outpatient rehabilitation setting and healthy participant's homes. POPULATION: Participants included ten adults with stroke and ten adults without a disability. METHODS: Participants experienced two games from each console. Amount and intensity of movement was measured using accelerometers on both wrists, while the virtual experience and usability was determined with questionnaires. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the consoles usability and experience. EyeToy elicited significantly greater activity count than Wii among the healthy participants (P=0.028) and significantly greater movement intensity in both the stroke (P=0.005) and healthy (P=0.005) groups. CONCLUSION: Both consoles rated high for usability, enjoyment and satisfaction highlighting their suitability for a range of individuals in stroke rehabilitation. EyeToy provides increased movement and movement intensity. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Both consoles are suitable for use in stroke rehabilitation however this information can be helpful to clinicians while selecting a gaming console according to the type and intensity of movements that he/she aims to encourage during therapy.
Subject(s)
Exercise Therapy/instrumentation , Psychomotor Performance/physiology , Stroke Rehabilitation , User-Computer Interface , Video Games , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Disability Evaluation , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Motor Skills/physiology , Reference Values , Risk Assessment , Stroke/diagnosis , Task Performance and Analysis , Treatment Outcome , Upper Extremity/physiology , Visual Perception/physiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Gel electrophoresis is the single most important molecular biology technique and it is central to life sciences research, but it is often too expensive for the secondary science classroom or homeschoolers. A simple safe low-cost procedure is described here that uses household materials to construct and run DNA gel electrophoresis. Plastic containers are fitted with aluminum foil electrodes and 9-V batteries to run food-grade agar-agar gels using aquarium pH buffers and then stained with gentian violet. This activity was tested in a high school biology classroom with significantly positive responses on postactivity reflective surveys. The electrophoresis activity addresses several Life Science Content Standard C criteria, including aspects of cell biology, genetics, and evolution. It also can be used to teach aspects of motion and force in the physical science classroom.
Subject(s)
DNA/analysis , Electrophoresis, Agar Gel/methods , Genetics/education , Molecular Biology/education , Problem-Based Learning/methods , Teaching Materials , Adolescent , Educational Measurement , Humans , SchoolsABSTRACT
Many elderly persons take medications that their physicians do not know about. The reasons include multiple prescribers, errors in prescriber records, and lack of patient-to-physician communication on medication use. This study assessed the use of mailed cues (postcards) to prompt elderly patients to bring all medications to physician office visits. Four family physician offices were studied; every other current elderly patient received a postcard reminder several days before an appointment. Of those receiving cards, 72% brought in medicines, compared to 8% of the controls.
