ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Adipose tissue plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions. The role of adipokines in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been evaluated in the current literature with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to evaluate adiponectin levels in IBD patients, including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), compared to controls, as well as further subgroup analyses. Hence, assessing the potential role of adiponectin as a surrogate marker. METHODS: We performed a systematic electronic search on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, including observational or interventional studies evaluating serum or plasma adiponectin levels in IBD patients in humans. The primary summary outcome was the mean difference (MD) in serum or plasma adiponectin levels between IBD patients versus controls. Subgroup analyses were conducted involving adiponectin levels in CD and UC compared to controls, as well as CD compared to UC. RESULTS: A total of 20 studies were included in our qualitative synthesis and 14 studies in our quantitative synthesis, with a total population sample of 2,085 subjects. No significant MD in serum adiponectin levels was observed between IBD patients versus controls {-1.331 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -3.135-0.472)}, UC patients versus controls (-0.213 [95% CI: -1.898-1.472]), and CD patients versus controls (-0.851 [95% CI: -2.263-0.561]). Nevertheless, a significant MD was found between UC patients versus CD patients (0.859 [95% CI: 0.097-1.622]). CONCLUSIONS: Serum adiponectin levels were not able to differentiate between IBD, UC, and CD patients compared to controls. However, significantly higher serum adiponectin levels were observed in UC compared to CD patients.
Subject(s)
Colitis, Ulcerative , Crohn Disease , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases , Humans , Adiponectin , BiomarkersABSTRACT
(1) Background: Approximately a billion people worldwide are affected by NAFLD, which places a high clinical burden and financial cost on society. Liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing NAFLD, but its invasivity limits the early diagnosis of NAFLD. Hence, it is important to look for alternate techniques in detecting and diagnosing NAFLD. NAFLD is associated with atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) as a non-invasive modality for predicting NAFLD. (2) Methods: A search using electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus was carried out to find observational studies, looking at research that had been published up until the date of 11 May 2022. The included studies' quality, risk of bias, and internal validity were evaluated using the QUADAS-2 quality assessment tool. The key summary outcomes were the mean difference (MD) and area under the curve (AUC). (3) Results: A total of eight studies (81,178 participants) were included in our review, while 17% of the included participants had NAFLD. A sex distribution of 57.8% men and 42.2% women was observed. The AIP between NAFLD and the controls was not significant (MD 0.212 [95% CI 0.231-0.655]). A significant MD in AIP between the males and females with NAFLD was observed (MD 0.246 [95% CI 0.098-0.395]). The AIP predicted NAFLD with an AUC of 0.764 as well as in males (AUC 0.761) and females (AUC 0.733). (4) Conclusions: There was a substantial MD in the AIP between both sexes, but there was no significant difference in the AIP values between patients with NAFLD and the controls. The AIP is a reliable biomarker for the diagnosis of NAFLD since its ability to predict the development of NAFLD was comparable to that of the other biomarkers.
