The use of nephrostomy tubes in optimizing surgical conditions for a patient with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a rare variant of pyelonephritis that often requires radical surgery. We report a case of a 51-year-old female patient who was managed with prolonged placement of nephrostomy tubes prior to surgery. This case illustrates the importance of surgical optimization of a poor operative candidate and the use of nephrostomy tubes as a temporizing management strategy.

School Nurses on the Front Lines of Medicine: The Approach to a Student With Severe Traumatic Bleeding.

With the continued threat of mass casualty incidents in schools and surrounding communities, it is essential for school nurses to be knowledgeable regarding the recognition of hemorrhagic shock due to massive bleeding and the acute management of these victims. In the past decade, increased interest and research in acute bleeding control have led to published evidence-based guidelines to reduce morbidity and mortality for victims of violent acts. It is essential that healthcare providers, including nurses who are the first responders in schools, are aware of methods to assess and control massive bleeding. This article summarizes the most up-to-date recommendations for the management of children with traumatic bleeding.