ABSTRACT
We describe here an experimental approach designed to aid in the identification of complex brain circuits within the rat corpus striatum. Our aim was to characterize in a single section (i) striatal thalamic afferents, (ii) striatopallidal projection neurons and (iii) striatal local circuit interneurons. To this end, we have combined anterograde tracing using biotinylated dextran amine and retrograde neuroanatomical tracing with Fluoro-Gold. This dual tracing protocol was further implemented with the visualization of different subpopulations of striatal interneurons. The subsequent use of three different peroxidase substrates enabled us to unequivocally detect structures that were labeled within a three-color paradigm.
Subject(s)
Avidin/analogs & derivatives , Biotin/analogs & derivatives , Dextrans , Fluorescent Dyes , Immunohistochemistry/methods , Interneurons/cytology , Molecular Probes , Neostriatum/cytology , Neural Pathways/cytology , Stilbamidines , 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine , Animals , Axons/metabolism , Axons/ultrastructure , Calbindin 2 , Cell Size/physiology , Choline O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism , Dendrites/metabolism , Dendrites/ultrastructure , Female , Horseradish Peroxidase , Interneurons/metabolism , NADPH Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Neostriatum/metabolism , Neural Pathways/metabolism , Nickel , Nitroblue Tetrazolium , Parvalbumins/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , S100 Calcium Binding Protein G/metabolismABSTRACT
Sobre la base de la epidemiología de la infección nosocomial se realiza un recuerdo histórico de la política de control y aislamientos preconizada en las últimas décadas por el Centro de Prevención y Control de Enfermedades (CDC). Se exponen detalladamente tanto las medidas generales a adoptar ante cualquier paciente ( precauciones estándar), como aquellas medidas específicas que deben ponerse en marcha en dependencia del mecanismo de transmisión de la enfermedad ( área, por gotitas y de contacto), facilitando un listado del tipo y duración de las precauciones a adoptar según la etiología de la infección. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Infection Control/methods , Patient Isolation/methods , Infection Control/history , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & controlABSTRACT
El control medio ambiental para la prevención de las enfermedades transmitidas a través del aire presenta dificultades importantes en el medio hospitalario. Se revisan las medidas generales de control susceptibles de utilización, así como las específicas en razón del mecanismo de transmisión específico ( transmisión aérea o por gotitas).Dada la trascendencia y repercusión de la tuberculosis en el personal sanitario se detallan las actuaciones principales a realizar para su prevención y control. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Infection Control/methods , Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient/prevention & control , Primary Prevention/methods , Tuberculosis/transmission , Tuberculosis/prevention & control , Environmental Exposure/prevention & controlABSTRACT
We report the case of a 27-year-old patient with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who presented with a 2-week history of crops of painful, red papules over the trunk and extremities, together with a sterile, symmetric polyarthritis involving the small and large joints. Histologic study of a skin biopsy specimen demonstrated features of papulonecrotic tuberculid. Analytical and microbiologic studies ruled out tuberculous infection. Both the synovial and the skin processes were considered to be an immune response secondary to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Specific treatment was established, and there was marked improvement in both the skin and joint symptoms. This case illustrates the complex relationship between the host and the HIV, suggesting an immune dysregulation cause for both the synovial and the skin lesions.
