ABSTRACT
Extracellular nanovesicles, particularly exosomes, can deliver their diverse bioactive biomolecular content, including miRNAs, proteins, and lipids, thus providing a context for investigating the capability of exosomes to induce stem cells toward lineage-specific cells and tissue regeneration. In this study, it is demonstrated that rat subventricular zone neural stem cell-derived exosomes (rSVZ-NSCExo) can control neural-lineage specification of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Microarray analysis shows that the miRNA content of rSVZ-NSCExo is a faithful representation of rSVZ tissue. Through immunocytochemistry, gene expression, and multi-omics analyses, the capability to use rSVZ-NSCExo to induce hMSCs into a neuroglial or neural stem cell phenotype and genotype in a temporal and dose-dependent manner via multiple signaling pathways is demonstrated. The current study presents a new and innovative strategy to modulate hMSCs fate by harnessing the molecular content of exosomes, thus suggesting future opportunities for rSVZ-NSCExo in nerve tissue regeneration.
Subject(s)
Exosomes , Mesenchymal Stem Cells , Neural Stem Cells , Animals , Cell Differentiation , Exosomes/chemistry , Humans , Nerve Regeneration , RatsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Rumex crispus L. (Polygonaceae), known as "Labada" in Turkey, was reported to be used for the treatment of gynecological diseases such as postpartum complications and infertility in folk medicine. Earlier studies on R. crispus have shown that leaf, fruit and root extracts have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and are used for the treatment of tumors in the uterus. The hypothesis of this study is that R. crispus may generate potential anti-adhesive activity against complex factors such as inflammation, oxidation and fibrosis. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the potential anti-adhesive activity of aqueous methanol extracts of leaves, fruits and roots of R. crispus. METHODS: Abdominal adhesion model was performed in 72 female Wistar Albino rats. In the first step of the experiment, the rats were divided into six groups namely, Sham, Control, Reference and Experimental Groups (consisting of three sub-groups in which R. crispus leaf, fruit and root extracts were applied at 100 mg/kg dose). The test samples were administered once to the peritoneal cavity and the rats were sacrificied at the end of the 14th day. Root extract showed prominent activity, therefore this extract was subjected to fractionation to obtain 3 fractions (30-60-100% methanol fractions) by using vacuum-liquid chromatography. In the second stage, animals were divided into 6 groups as Sham, Control, Reference and Experimental Groups (R30, R60, R100 at 100 mg/kg dose). Adhesion scoring, tissue total antioxidant and oxidant levels, histopathological and immunohistochemical (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8) analyzes were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Adhesion scores, inflammatory cytokines and inflammation cells decreased by the application of R. crispus root extract. The fractions also showed similar anti-inflammatory effects, but R60 was found to be more effective in prevention of intra-abdominal adhesions and uterine fibrosis. R60 fraction, possessing potential bioactivity, was investigated in terms of phenolic composition by HPLC.
Subject(s)
Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Postoperative Complications/drug therapy , Rumex , Uterine Diseases/drug therapy , Abdomen/surgery , Animals , Cytokines/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Fruit , Phytochemicals/analysis , Phytochemicals/therapeutic use , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Leaves , Plant Roots , Postoperative Complications/metabolism , Postoperative Complications/pathology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Tissue Adhesions/drug therapy , Tissue Adhesions/metabolism , Tissue Adhesions/pathology , Uterine Diseases/metabolism , Uterine Diseases/pathology , Uterus/pathology , Uterus/surgeryABSTRACT
A case of cystocele and prolapsed rectum is reported. The urinary bladder and rectum were repositioned and fixed by cystopexy, colposuspension, and colopexy concurrently. There was no recurrence after 3 months. This is the first report to describe cystocele in a young female dog never having been pregnant.
Cystocèle et prolapsus rectal chez une chienne. Un cas de cystocèle et de prolapsus rectal est signalé. La vessie urinaire et le rectum ont été repositionnés et réparés par cystopexie, par colposuspension et colopexie de manière concomitante. Il n'y a pas eu de récurrence après 3 mois. Il s'agit du premier rapport pour décrire la cystocèle chez une jeune chienne qui n'avait jamais eu de gestation.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).
