ABSTRACT
Black chickpea is a good source of bioactive compounds, particularly isoflavones. Sprouting improves nutraceutical value in chickpea seeds. This study aimed to explore the role of sprouting of black chickpea seeds on the synthesis of isoflavones and evaluate the impact of the soluble isoflavone on cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) and antiproliferative activity in breast cancer cells. Isoflavones were identified and quantified by HPLC-UV-MS. The CAA and antiproliferative activity were determined in HepG2 cells and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells, correspondingly. In sprouted black chickpea, six isoflavones (formononetin, biochanin-A, and its glycosides) were identified and the total isoflavones content increased (0.31 to 35.72 µgBA/mg of extract). The CAA was increased five times from 137.2 to 788.2 µMEQ/100 g of sample. The bioactive compounds in sprouted chickpea decreased the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cell line. Also caused morphological changes such as cell shrinkage, rounding and nuclear fragmentation. The results herein suggest that bioactive compounds, as isoflavones, in sprouted black chickpea showed a potential antioxidant and antiproliferative activity. Therefore, it may be considered as a value-added product or ingredient for produce functional foods.
ABSTRACT
Isaria fumosorosea frequently causes mycosis of agricultural pests in the hot semiarid and dry tropical regions of Mexico. Because temperature tolerance restricts the use of fungal biopesticides, we investigated two isolates from these areas for possible development into mycoinsecticides for use in hot weather agricultural zones. We studied the effects of culture system (solid or submerged cultures) and temperature on the fungal growth, extracellular enzyme production, pathogenicity, and thermotolerance of the produced propagules. Between 20 and 28 °C, the specific growth rates of the isolate PCC were higher on solid media, but in the submerged culture, the isolate P43A grew faster even at temperatures of up to 34 °C. On solid media, P43A produced 1.5-fold more proteases than PCC, but in the submerged culture, both strains had similar activities. Under the same culture conditions, PCC produced a blastospore:conidia ratio of 1:2, and P43A produced a ratio of 1:5. PCC aerial conidia had the shortest Lethal Time 50 (LT(50), the time to reach 50 % mortality) against Galleria mellonella larvae, but LT(50) was equal for the aerial conidia and the submerged propagules of P43A and PCC. The submerged and aerial propagules of P43A were more thermotolerant than those of PCC. Each isolate performed differently in each culture system, and we concluded that the intended production method should be included as a criterion for screening of entomopathogenic fungus. We found that thermotolerance is a specific characteristic of an isolate from a given species. Because of its specific characteristics, P43A shows more promise for the development of a submerged conidia-based mycoinsecticide for foliar application in aqueous form in hot climate regions.
